Nematode, soybean cyst

The interaction of soybean cyst nematode (SCN) with soybean (Glycine max) has been extensively studied in the United States. This system has been used as a model to dissect the genetics of nematode parasitism, mainly due to the tractability of classical genetic manipulation of the nematode. The remainder of this brief review will focus on the SCN side of the interaction with its host and the progress that has been made in unravelling the complex genetic systems controlling parasitic behaviour. 

The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, exists throughout all major soybean-growing regions of the world (Riggs, 1977 Doupnik, 1993). 

Bradley, E.B. and Duffy, M. (1982) The Value of Plant Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode a Case Study of Forrest Soybean. USDA-ARS Staff Report AGES820929, Washington, DC. 

Dong, K. and Opperman, C.H. (1997) Genetic analysis of parasitism in the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Genetics 146, 1311-1318. 

Dropkin, V.H. and Halbrendt, J.M. (1986) Inbreeding and hybridizing soybean cyst nematodes on pruned soybeans in petri plates. Journal of Nematology 18, 200. 

Endo, B.Y. (1992) Cellular responses to infection. In Riggs, R.D. and Wrather, J.A. (eds) Biobgy and Management of the Soybean Cyst Nematode. APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota. 

Riggs, R.D. (1977) Worldwide distribution of soybean cyst nematode and its economic importance. Journal of Nematology 9, 34—38. 

Triantaphyllou, A.C. and Hirschmann, H. (1962) Oogenesis and mode of reproduction in the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Nematologica 7, 235. 

Endo, B.Y. (1979) The ultrastructure and distribution of an intracellular bacteriumlike microorganism in the tissues of larvae of the soybean cyst nematode Heterodera glycines. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 67, 1-14. 

Opperman, C.H. and Bird, D.M. (1998) The soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines a genetic model system for the study of plant-parasitic nematodes. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 1,342—346. 

Rodrfguez-Kabana, R., King, P.S., Robertson, D.G, Weaver, C.F. Potential of crops uncommon to Alabama for management of root-knot and soybean cyst nematodes. Suppl J Nematol 1988a 20 116-120. 

A second nematophagous species, Hirsutella minnesotensis S. Chen et al., was found as a pathogen of second-stage juveniles of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines (Chen et al., 2000). This species is morphologically very similar to the mite parasite //. thompsonii F. E. Fisher, with equally... 

Chen S, Liu XZ, Chen FJ. Hirsutella minnesotensis sp nov, a new pathogen of the soybean cyst nematode. Mycologia 92 819-824, 2000. 

Meyer SLF, Wergin WP. Colonization of soybean cyst nematode females, cysts, and gelatinous matrices by the fungus Verticillium lecanii. J Nematol 30 436-450, 1998. 

Many species of plant-parasitic nematodes feed on soybeans (Caviness Riggs, 1976). Qualitative genes were reported on three species. Five loci were reported for soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines dininoe (Caldwell et al., 1960 Matson Williams, 1965 Rao-Arelli et al., 1992 Rao-Arelli, 1994). Allelic differences from resistant parents at the Rhg locus were observed (Brucker et al., 2005). Resistance... 

Matson, A.G. L.F. Williams. Evidence of a fourth gene for resistance to the soybean cyst nematode. Crop Sci. 1965,5, 477. 

Rao-Arelli, A.P. S.C. Anand. J.A. Wfather. Soybean resistance to soybean cyst nematode rate 3 is conditioned by an additional dominant gene. Crop Sci. 1992, 32, 862-864. 

Jaffe, H., R. N. Huettel, A. B. Demilo, D. K. Hayes, and R. V. Rebois, Isolation and identification of a compound from soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, with sex pheromone activity, J. Chem. Ecol., 15, 2031-2043 (1989). 

Glycinoeclepin A (Scheme 10) was isolated from the dried root of the kidney bean [136,137]. It is a potent hatch-stimulating agent of the soybean cyst nematode, a devastating pest of host plants including soybean, kidney bean, and adzuki [138]. Four total syntheses of these compounds have been presented. In the first approach of Murai et al. [139,140] (Scheme 10), the key synthetic intermediate is the 7-oxanorbomane derivative 73 derived from 2,2-dimethylcyclohexa-l,3-dione via baker s yeast reduction into aldol 69. After protection as an ethoxyethyl ether. 

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