Soviet Union, dissolution

Compound libraries may be bought and sold individually. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, laboratories that had been formerly well funded by the Soviet government suddenly became essentially broke. As a means of generating funds, some research groups began to sell portions of their in-stock compounds. The samples were readily purchased by Western companies, including the pharmaceutical industry. The value of the compounds depends on the novelty of the structures and their purity. 

On September 6, 1991 the Soviet Union recognized the independence of the three Baltic states. Only a few weeks later the Soviet Union itself ceased to exist, with the dissolution of the Supreme Soviet on December 26, 1991. 

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the international community is increasingly... 

The presently existing quantity of mine rock dams and tailings ponds is approximately 200 million tonnes. For mining operations, remediation is under way in the form of soil covers and coordination with all ecological requirements. The effort is hanq)ered by the dissolution of the former Soviet Union s regulatory and control infi astructure and the lack of responsible ownership or title of the materials. Furthermore, mine rock has been used for road and building construction, and there is little government allocation for restoration of such use. 

Self-determinatiOTi has many faces. Recognized cases of self-determination include the freedom from colonial domination and vice versa, the right to remain dependent. This last one, of course, is only valid as long as the dependent people wishes this. An example of this is Puerto Rico which remains dependent on the United States. The peaceful dissolution of a state and the formation of new states instead— as seen in most cases the former Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia— is also a recognized form of self-determination. Two states may also unite if it is the will of the people as seen in Germany. Secession is always disputed, as many states are afraid of creating a precedent for other cases. 

Aromatic nitrogen salts were extensively investigated. Halides of n-alkyl pyridine, n-aikylbenzylpyridine (Katapin in the Soviet Union)," n-alkylisoquinoline, and alkylbenzylquinolines" are all highly effective steel corrosion inhibitors. Most of these compounds are not only excellent inhibitors for iron dissolution, but also for hydrogen absorption, and they appear to work well even in the presence of HjS. Recently, Schmitt and Bedbur" systematically tested several pyridinium and quino-linium derivatives on iron and steel in deaerated 10% HCI the best corrosion inhibitor was found to be f-naphthylmethylquinolinium chloride. Interestingly, none of the inhibitors performed as well on carbon steel as on iron. Phosphoniums can also perform well, as evidenced by Sanyal and Srivastava s work on phenyl benzylphosphonium chloride. ... 

When Mikhail Gorbachev resigned his post as President of the Soviet Union on 25 December 1991, the self-dissolution of the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) occurred the following day. These events de facto dissolved the Soviet Union into nonexistence. Though the process of disintegration commenced much earlier (Gaidar, 2007), both aforementioned events sealed the fate of the country. Consequently, these acts gave... 

The world witnessed the dissolution of two states in the early 1990s the former Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union. In both cases, new entities emerged from former mother states, claiming rights of statehood and, in both cases, the mother state ceased to exist. It is thus useful to analyze the applicability of the theory of self-determination to the newly emerged states, born out of the decomposition of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( SFRY ) and the Soviet Union. 

The dissolution of the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s resulted in the creation of many new states. The Baltic states, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, declared independence in 1990, as did 12 additional Soviet republics soon thereafter. The case of the Baltic republics is slightly different from that of the other 12 republics, because, arguably, the Baltic republics had the right to self-determination under international law whereas the other 12 republics only derived this right from Soviet constitutional law. 

On self-determination within the context of the Soviet Union collapse more generally, see M.H. Halperin, D. Scheffer and EL. Small, Self-determination in the New World Order, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1992, pp. 27-32 R. MuUerson, Self-Determination of Peoples and the Dissolution of the USSR , Essays in Honour cf Wang Tieya, Dordrecht, 1993, pp. 567-585. 

Following the December 1991 dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Russia became its legal successor state to the BTWC. In 1992, Russia admitted that there had been a delay in its implementation of the BTWC. This admission was taken as acknowledgment that the USSR had violated the BTWC. 

TRILATERAL PROCESS. During the early 1990s, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (and, after its dissolution, Russia), the United Kingdom, and the United States engaged in a secret diplomatic process known as the trilateral process. The United Kingdom and United States used this process in an attempt to clarify the nature of violations of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) that took place in the USSR and to verily future compliance with the BTWC by Russia. See also BIOPREPARAT. 

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