South coast air basin

Fig. 8-3. Relationship between Los Angeles Basin s urban sources of photochemical smog and the San Bernardino Mountains, where ozone damage has occurred to the ponderosa pines. The solid lines are the average daily 1-hr maximum dose of ozone (ppm), )uly-September 1975-1977. Source Adapted from Davidson, A., Ozone trends in the south coast air basin of California, in "Ozone/Oxidants Interaction with the Total Environment.". A ir Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, 1979, pp. 433-450.

Fig. 15-1. CaUfomia South Coast Air Basin stationary monitoring locations operating during 1991. (L.A., Los Angeles). Source California Air Resources Board, "Summary of 1991 Air Quality Data, Gaseous and Particulate Pollutants," Vol. 23, 1991.

Taha, H. (1996). Modeling the Impacts of Increased Urban Vegetation on the Ozone Air Quality in the South Coast Air Basin. Atmospheric Environment 3(1 20) 3423—3430. 

Soil resuspension has the capability of entraining significant volumes of Pb into the air of urban areas. Harris Davidson (2005) calculated that resuspension of soil is responsible for generating 54,000 kg of airborne Pb each year in the South Coast Air Basin of California (SOCAB) and will remain a major source well into the future. Similarly, Lankey et al. (1998) concluded that 43% of Pb emissions in the South Coast Air Basin in California resulted from the resuspension of soil and road dust. 

Harris, A. Davidson, C. 2005. The role of resuspended soil in lead flows in the California south coast air basin. Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 7410-7415. 

Lankey, R.L., Davidson, C.I., Mcmichael, F.C. 1998. Mass balance for lead in the California south coast air basin an update. Environmental Research, 78, 86-93. 

Regional Human Exposure Modeling of Benzene in the California South Coast Air Basin... 

Shikiya J, Tsou G, Kowalski J, et al. 1984. Ambient monitoring of selected halogenated hydrocarbons and in the California South Coast Air Basin. Proceedings of the 77th Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control Association, 1-21. 

Kinosian, J. R., and S. Duckworth. Oxidant Trends in the South Coast Air Basin 1%3-1972. Sacramento California Air Resources Board, 1973. 29 pp. 

There have been suggestions, however, that high relative humidity may cause rapid breakdown of PAN (18) but there is no experimental evidence to support such a statement. In the South Coast Air Basin of California, PAN injury to vegetation occurs most frequently when relative humidity is 50% or above and elevated concentrations of 10 to 30 ppb often persist all night, with relative humidity above 60%. 

Nelson EDP, Shikiya D, Liu CS. 1987. Multiple air toxics exposure and risk assessment in the South Coast Air Basin. Proceedings of the APCA Annual Meeting 89 87/97.4. 

Nordsieck, R.A., "Air Quality Impacts of Electric Cars in Los Angeles, Appendix A, Pollutant Emissions Estimates and Projections for the South Coast Air Basin " document RM-1905-A General Research Corporation Santa Barbara, California, 1974. 

Winer, A. M and H. W. Biermann, Long Pathlength Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) Measurements of Gaseous HONO, N02, and HCHO in the California South Coast Air Basin, Res. Chem. Intermed., 20, 423-445 (1994). 

Tuazon, E. C., A. M. Winer, and J. N. Pitts, Jr., Trace Pollutant Concentrations in a Multiday Smog Episode in the California South Coast Air Basin by Long Path Length Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 1232-1237 (1981). 

Arey, J., D. E. Crowley, M. Crowley, M. Resketo, and J. Lester, Hydrocarbon Emissions from Natural Vegetation in California s South Coast Air Basin, Atmos. Environ., 29, 2977-2988 (1995). 

Benjamin, M. T., M. Sudol, D. Vorsatz, and A. M. Winer, A Spatially and Temporally Resolved Biogenic Hydrocarbon Emissions Inventory for the California South Coast Air Basin, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3087-3100(1997). 

Pitts, J. N., Jr., W. Harger, D. M. Lokensgard, D. R. Fitz, G. M. Scorziell, and V. Mejia, Diurnal Variations in the Mutagenicity of Airborne Particulate Oganic Matter in California s South Coast Air Basin, Mutat. Res., 104, 35-4f (f982b). 

FIGURE 16.25 Model-predicted O-, (in pphm, where 1 pphm = 10 ppb) west to east across the Los Angeles area South Coast air basin and as a function of altitude and time for August 27, 1987 (adapted from Lu and Turco, 1996). 

Does not include power generation emissions, which are equivalent to 0.004, 0.02, and 0.017 g/niol for NMOG, NOv, and CO, respectively, based on South Coast air basin power plant emissions associated with electric vehicles. 

From Carter and Atkinson (1989) calculated using the EKMA model with low dilution and an eight-component surrogate mixture of organics chosen to be representative of emissions into California s South Coast air basin. Note that the absolute values used may have changed for some components since the original publication due to further refinement of the model. 

FIGURE 16.36 Trends in weather-adjusted Stage I episode days for 03 in California s South Coast air basin during the months from May through October, 1976-1991. Stage I episodes are > 0.20 ppm 03, 1-h average (adapted from Davidson, 1993). 

FIGURE 16.43 Trends in PM 0 in the South Coast air basin in California (Los Angeles area) from 1985 to 1994. The averages for six sites having complete data throughout this time period are shown as well as the maximum concentrations. The 1994 data are for January to October (kindly provided by Dr. Shankar Prasad, California Air Resources Board). 

Chock, D. P A. M. Dunker, S. Kumar, and C. S. Sloane, Effect of NOa. Emission Rates on Smog Formation in the California South Coast Air Basin, Environ. Sci. TechnoL, 15, 933-939(1981). 

Davidson, A., Update on Ozone Trends in California s South Coast Air Basin, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 43, 226-227 (1993). 

Ingalls, M. N., L. R. Smith, and R. E. Kirksey, Measurement of On-Road Vehicle Emission Factors in the California South Coast Air Basin—Vol. I Regulated Emissions, Report No. SwRI-1604 from the Southwest Research Institute to the Coordinating Research Council, Atlanta, GA, June 1989 NTIS Document PB89220925. 

Kumar, S and D. P. Chock, An Update on Oxidant Trends in the South Coast Air Basin of California, Atmos. Environ., 18, 2131-2134 (1984). 

An extensive multi-year monitoring program for CDDs/CDFs was conducted at eight sampling locations in the Los Angeles South Coast Air Basin from 1987 to 1989 (Hunt and Maisel 1992). The monitoring network, which monitored for both vapor and particulates, included several sites situated in residential... 

The maximum nitrogen dioxide concentration measured in the South Coast air basin in 1970 was 0.83 ppm, hourly average. Applying these formulae, we find that we need to reduce concentrations by 70% to stay within the legal limit of air quality. When we consider that it may take as much as ten years to accomplish this, we must aim at more stringent control and apply a growth factor. The planned control of oxides of nitrogen therefore should not be less than 80%. 

Despite concerns over assumptions and approximations, size-resolved, multicomponent aerosol models are being employed at a variety of scales. An example at the scale of an urban air-shed is the study of Meng et al. (1998), which examined aerosol composition and size distribution for the South Coast Air Basin of California. Modeled aerosol substances included SO , NOf, NHJ, Na, CP, and secondary organics. Gas-phase... 

Figure 21 Comparison of modeled and observed size distributions of aerosol NH concentration at three locations in the South Coast Air Basin of California on August 28, 1987 (Meng et al., 1998) (reproduced by permission of American Geophysical Union from /. Geophys. Res., 1998, 103, 3419-3435).

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