Sour crude oil

Figure 5 Comparison of HNBR with fluoroelastomer (FPM), NBR and XNBR in Sour Crude Oil (sour gas = 20% H2S + 65% CH4 + 15% CO2). Source Bayer AG, Germany.

The ER system has been used successfully in a range of industries for process plant monitoring. As ER can be applied in any liquid or gaseous environment the areas of application are considerable. However, there is a problem with ER if a conductive corrosion product is produced as is the case with sour crude oil or gas due to the deposition of iron sulphide. 

Vosikovsky, O., Macecek, M., and Ross, D.J. Allowable defect sizes in a sour crude oil pipeline for corrosion fatigue conditions, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, 13,197-226,1983. 

Sour crude oil crude oil containing an abnormally large amount of sulfur compounds. 

The production of domestic sulfur values (elemental recovered sulfur and the sulfur content of acid) will total about 18 million long tons per year by the year 2000. By region (Petroleum Administration for Defense districts), except for the east coast (PAD I), there will be no deficit areas in the U. S. Major contributors are sour natural gas and the refining of heavier, sour, crude oil. Proximate, scenario dependent sources, are electric utilities and coal-based synfuels. Shale oil, domestic tar sands and heavy oil, and unconventional sources of natural gas will be small suppliers. 

Sour crude oil - [PETROLEUM - REFINERY PROCESSES, SURVEY] (Vol 18)... 

Mercaplans—Compounds of sulfur having a strong, repulsive, garliclike odor. A contaminant of "sour crude oil and products. 

Sweet crude oil crude oil containing little sulfur see also Sour crude oil. 

Distilled water Sour crude oil Diesel fuel... 

Sodium chlorate Sodium chloride Sodium chlorite Sodium chloroacetate Sodium chromate Sodium citrate Sodium cyanate Sodium cyanide Sodium terricyanide Sodium terrocyanide Sodium fluoride Sodium fluorosilicate Sodium hydride Sodium hydrosulflde Sodium hydroxide Sodium hypochlorite Sodium lactate Sodium nitrate Sodium oleate Sodium oxalate Sodium perborate Sodium percarbonate Sodium perchlorate Sodium peroxide Sodium persulfate Sodium phenolate Sodium phosphate Sodium salicylate Sodium salts Sodium silicate Sodium stannate Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfide Sodium sulfite Sour crude oil (1050LF)... 

The 50 mm (2 inch) diameter unlined amine cured epoxy fiberglass pipelines chosen for this study were installed in June 1962. These buried lines were in continuous service handling salt water, sour crude oil and natural gas at 275-410kPa (40-60psig) and 25 C (80°F). The lines ran from pumping wells to a unit which separates the oil, gas and salt water. The pipe was rated for 2070 kPa (300psig) cyclic pressure service at 65°C (150°F). These lines were occasionally hot oiled under increased pressure at 105°C (220°F) for paraffin control. 

Selection of a material or method to control corrosion often depends on whether the produced fluids are sweet or sour. Sour is defined as the presence of sulfur compounds above some arbitrary concentration, and "sweet" is defined as not sour. A crude oil is typically considered sour if it contains more than approximately 2 % total sulfur although, the definition of Sour crude oil is often determined by the material and process needs of the refining operation. 

The toxicity of crude oil correlates with the relative content of l osoie, naphtha, and gasoline. Dosages of 48 ml/kg (sweet crude oil), 56 ml/kg (kerosene), or 74 ml/kg (sour crude oil) over the course of 1 week cause aspiration pneunonia ai, eventuiJIy, death. 

Sour Crude Oil Soybean Oil Sugar Solution Sulphur Dioxide Vegetable Oils Vinegar Vinyl Acetate... 

Phosphorus (yellow) R Sour Crude Oil (West Texas) R R... 

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