Sort-and-combine

Giger, R. Pin Sort-and-Combine Method for HTP Synthesis of Individual Crowns, paper presented at the Cambridge Healthtec Institue Conference, Barcelona, Spain, 1997. 

J. A. Connelly, New automation technology for the efficient production of large combinatorial libraries of small molecules by directed sort and combine methods. Abstracts of Papers, American Chemical Society 221st BTEC-041 (2001). 

Similarly to the tea bag approach, pieces of any solid-phase support suitable for solid-phase synthesis can be used for parallel peptide preparation. One of the first materials used in this manner was paper. Frank used paper disks l (Whatman 3MM, 1.5-cm diameter) packed into the columns of a multicolumn continuous-flow synthesizer. Prior to the synthesis, the paper was derivatized with 4-alkoxybenzyl (Pab) linkage to allow for the cleavage with trifluoroacetic acid. The disks can be easily labeled with a pencil, sorted, and combined depending on the common amino acid to be coupled at the next step. 

An additional data source that Mobius allows users to create is the calculated field. A calculated field is simply a computed expression of arbitrary complexity involving one or more existing database fields for example, the ratio of two IC50 values for two different assays. The user can optionally apply a classification method to the output value of a calculated field to categorize the result. For example, the base calculated field could simply consist of a chemical structure column and the classification could assign a chemical template name to the structure based on a set of user-defined substructure query classification rules. As with annotation tables, calculated fields can be associated with project data and assigned security attributes. Both annotation tables and calculated fields are full members of the overall integrated database and can be searched, sorted, and combined with any other data in the database. 

Alternatives. A sophisticated robot for 2D and 3D spatially addressed arrays for the high-throughput automated synthesis of combinatorial libraries was designed by Selectide scientists. A directed sort and combine synthesis with spatially arranged arrays used macroscopic supports (Mimotopes Lanterns). 

The Maxwell and Voigt models of the last two sections have been investigated in all sorts of combinations. For our purposes, it is sufficient that they provide us with a way of thinking about relaxation and creep experiments. Probably one of the reasons that the various combinations of springs and dash-pots have been so popular as a way of representing viscoelastic phenomena is the fact that simple and direct comparison is possible between mechanical and electrical networks, as shown in Table 3.3. In this parallel, the compliance of a spring is equivalent to the capacitance of a condenser and the viscosity of a dashpot is equivalent to the resistance of a resistor. The analogy is complete... 

Up until now, the results of the reactivity functions have been taken as one type of evaluation, while the calculated heats of reaction (Sect. 4.1) have been considered as a second. This parallels ideas based on kinetic and thermodynamic approaches. While it is possible to interpret the EROS results in terms of these two evaluations separately, it would be preferable to consider them together in some sort of combined function. Initial studies are indicating that this idea is feasible. 

To construct models of this sort, we combine reaction analysis with transport modeling, the description of the movement of chemical species within flowing groundwater, as discussed in the previous chapter (Chapter 20). The combination is known as reactive transport modeling, or, in contaminant hydrology, fate and transport modeling. 

Immunoassay kit, where the antibodies of 8-oxoguanine (96) are conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyante (97) as fluorophore and combine with the oxidized DNA. Detection of the greenish fluorescence is by fluorescence microscopy for tissues or by fluorescence-activated ceU sorting for cell suspensions . 

A final possibility for a type of reaction resulting in acetylene formation which must be considered is that of combination of radicals. This is not likely to be significant in most systems, but in the case of methane reactions it becomes of particular interest. The production of ethylene, and acetylene in the thermal decomposition of methane requires some sort of combination reaction (40, 65). Kassel suggested a mechanism involving methylene radicals ... 

Consider Wiener s interference experiment shown in Fig. 11 on the particle theory. On this theory we have photons moving towards the mirror, which bounce off from it and come back. These photons pass through the photographic film as they move towards the mirror, and as they come back. If a photon hits a grain of silver bromide in the film, it is absorbed by the grain and so disappears. It is clear that the plate should be uniformly affected all over and not show the bands which are actually observed. In the bands, however, only some of the grains are affected, which cannot be explained on the wave theory. It is clear that what is required is some sort of combination of the two theories. This will be considered in the next chapter. 

The new theory of atomic phenomena is known as wave mechanics or quantum mechanics. Heisenberg s theory and that of Schroedinger were based on different ideas, but they have turned out to be mathematically equivalent. This is a remarkable example of how two entirely different theories, based on quite different assumptions, may lead to identical results, and really be essentially the same. Dirac s theory is a sort of combination and generalization of those of Heisenberg and Schroedinger. —... 

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