Some Suggested Experimental Protocols

The Electronics 151 Potential Problems 152 Energetic and Timing Considerations for Single and Multiple Pulse Experiments 156 Some Suggested Experimental Protocols 160... 

In order for animal models to be useful, researchers must follow certain practices and methods which will optimize the trans-latability of data from animal models to human affective disorders. Here, we will present a broad review of some reliable methods of analyzing mouse anxiety, and their utility for screening for anxiolytic therapeutic agents. All these tests are of a complex nature and we would suggest that the reader explore each system to better understand the variables and subtleties of each test. We will also discuss how these protocols can be applied correctly, in order to avoid confounding experimental data. 

NIR methods can be validated by the conventional protocols described in ICH and other regulatory guidelines as they are currently written however, some modifications have to be made to account for differences between spectrophotometric and chromatographic experimental parameters. For example, spiked recovery experiments are not relevant because NIR responses are sensitive to the production process. The criteria suggested for validating a NIR transmission method include ... 

In this chapter, we describe protocols to set up BRET-based arrestin recruitment test systems. We provide suggestions for troubleshooting and identify experimental parameters that can be varied. We also discuss potential pitfalls and, importandy, some limitations of BRET as a quantitatively comparative method. Indeed, BRET is now widely used as a proximity-based assay to detect arrestin recruitment, but it is often overlooked that, besides proximity, the relative orientations of the probes crucially determines BRET efficiency. This somewhat complicates the accurate interpretation of BRET data, but careful setup and combination of different BRET systems hold promise for the study of yet underexplored questions in chemokine receptor signaling. 

The theory and experiments we have described suggest some experimental guidelines and protocols that will enhance the quality and analysis of ILIT responses—some will be obvious to the electrochemical practitioner some may not be. The following suggestions presume that the thickness of the metal film electrode is uniform and accurately known and that the SAM itself has been appropriately characterized. 

Model quality needs to be evaluated and communicated to interested parties in a structured way in order to ensure acceptance and usefulness. The MEG advises a stmcture consisting of three elements assessment, verification, and vahdation (EC, 1994b). In this chapter, we adopt the terminology as suggested by the MEG protocol, i.e., model evaluation includes the whole review of any model with respeet to proper scientific formulation (assessment), eorreet eoding (verifieation), and comparison with experimental data (validation). These stages are defined in Table 19.1. We are aware that other terms are sometimes used and that there is some philosophieal criticism of the use of the term validation. 

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