Solvents, acidic handbook

A validated method (No. 63) for the analysis of benzoic acid, sorbic and para-hydroxybenzoic acids in fruit juices has been published in the IFU handbook (Anon, 1995e). In this method the resolution takes place on a C8 reverse-phase column. With this solvent system (methanolic/ammonium acetate, pH 4.55) sorbic and benzoic acids elute quite quickly and the less polar para-hydroxybenzoate esters elute much later. The method does stipulate that caution has to be taken by orange juice due to possible interferences by natural materials in the juice that elute close to benzoic acid. As sorbic and benzoic acids elute quite early in the chromatogram using this method, it would... 

The Oishi-Prausnitz modification, UNIFAC-FV, is currently the most accurate method available to predict solvent activities in polymers. Required for the Oishi-Prausnitz method are the densities of the pure solvent and pure polymer at the temperature of the mixture and the structure of the solvent and polymer. Molecules that can be constructed from the groups available in the UNIFAC method can be treated. At the present, groups are available to construct alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, water, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, amines, carboxylic acids, chlorinated compounds, brominated compounds, and a few other groups for specific molecules. However, the Oishi-Prausnitz method has been tested only for the simplest of these structures, and these groups should be used with care. The procedure is described in more detail in Procedure 3C of this Handbook. 

The process of crystallization can be observed readily using phthalic acid. In the reference book The Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, in the table Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, the entry for phthalic acid gives the following solubiUty data (in grams of solute per 100 mL of solvent). The superscripts refer to temperature in °C ... 

The above agents are delivered in a variety of forms. Their compatibility with various solvents (propellants, alcohol, water), liquids (glycerol, polyethylene glycol, oleic acid, sorbitan trioleate, lecithin), and solid (lactose) phase excipients is key to the chemical and physical stability of the products. The Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients lists most of these materials.35... 

V.L. Cherginets, Acid-Base Equilibria in Ionic Solvents (Ionic Melts), in Handbook of Solvents, ed G. Wypych (Chemtec Publishing, Toronto, NY, 2001) pp. 616-638. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) 2-Amino-6,8-disulfonaphthalene 2-Aminonaphthalene-6,8-disulfonic acid 7-Amino-1,3-naphthalenedisulfonic acid 7-Aminonaphthalene-1,3-disulphonic acid AI3-28530 Amido-G-acid Amino-G-Acid BRN 2669649 EINECS 201-689-2 1,3-Naphthalenedisulfonic acid, 7-amino- p-Naphthylamine-6,8-disulfonic acid 2-Naphthylamine-6,8-disuflbnic xid NSC 4013. Used as an intermediate in manufacture of chemicals, particularly dyestuffs, mp = 274" soluble in H2O (92 g/l), EtOH, less soluble in non-polar organic solvents. Zen Brasal Pvt. Ltd. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) BCG BRN 0372527 Bromcresol green EINECS 200-972-8 NSC 7817 Phenol, 4,4 - 1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benz-oxathiol-3-ylidene)bis(2,6-dibromo-3-methyl- Phenol, 4,4 -(3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidene)bis(2,6-dibromo-3-methyl-, S,S-dioxide o-Toluenesulfonic acid, o-hydroxy-, gamma-sultone Tetrabromo-m-cresolphthalein sulibne. An acid indicator pH 3.8 (yellow)-5.4 (blue-green). Red-yellow crystals mp = 218.5° Xjn = 211, 278, 338,426 nm (e 54100. 8500, 7550, 17100 MeOH), 312, 394, 620 nm (s 13300, 8520, 40100 MeOH/KOH) insoluble in H2O, soluble in organic solvents. Lancaster Synthesis Co. Mallinckrodt Inc. Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Acrylic acid butyl ester Acrylic acid n-butyl ester AI3-15739 BRN 1749970 Butyl 2-propenoate Butyl acrylate Butylester kyseliny akrylove CCRIS 3401 EINECS 205-480-7 HSDB 305 NSC 5163 UN2348. Intermediate in organic synthesis, polymers and copolymers for solvent coatings, adhesives, paints, binders, emulsifiers. Liquid mp = -54.6° bp = 145° d = 0.8898 Am n 242 nm (isooctane) insoluble in H2O, slightly soluble in CCU, soluble in EtOH, Et20, Me2CO LDso (rat orl) = 3,73 g/kg. BASF Corp. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-07958 BRN 1782649 Bumyr Butyl myristate Butyl tetradecanoate Butyl n-tetradecanoate EINECS 203-759-8 Myristic acid, butyl ester NSC 4814 Tetradecanoic acid, butyl ester Wickenol 141. Emollient, solubilizer, and lubricant tor use in cosmetic and toilet preparations plasticizer. White liquid soluble in H2O, organic solvents practically odorless d = 0.860. Amerchol CasChem. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) Acetyl chloride, chloro- BRN 0605439 Chloracetyl chloride Chlorid kyseliny ohioroclove Chloroacetic acid chloride Chloroxetic chloride Chlorure de chloracetyle EINECS 201-171-6 HSDB 973 Monochloroacetyl chloride UN1752. Used in organic synthesis. Liquid mp = -22° bp = 220° (explosive) very soluble in organic solvents. 

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