Solvent technology, trends

On the other hand, there is a technological trend towards a high solid content of polymer formulations, e.g., to minimize shrinkage effects or to shorten processing times. A high polymer content at reasonable processing viscosities can only be obtained by polymer dispersions, either in water or hydrocarbon solvents. 

Sharma, J.N., Suri, A.K., Manohar, S., Chitnis, R.R., Shah, G.J., Wattal, P.K. 2004. Solvent extraction studies of synthetic high level waste using novel extractant tetra (2-ethylhexyl) dilycolamide (TEHDGA). SESTEC-2004 Emerging Trends in Separation Science and Technology, July, Mumbai, India. 

Dietz, M. L. Fundamental aspects of metal ion transfer into ionic liquids Implications for the design of ionic liquid-based solvent extraction systems. In Proceedings of the DAE-BRNS Biennial Symposium on Emerging Trends in Separation Science and Technology, SESTEC, Delhi, India, 2008, pp. 5-11. 

The current trend towards miniaturization of functional systems and devices has driven the study of confinement effects (finite film thickness and the nature of the binding interfaces) on the fundamental physical properties of soft materials. Rapid developments of novel sensor and lab-on-chip technologies, and of polymer-based stimuli-responsive materials, raise the question of changes in solvent-polymer interactions under confinement. 

A combination of multidesulfurization technologies together, such as HDS and ADS (adsorptive desulfurization), ODS and ADS, and solvent scrubbing and adsorption, has become a trend in research and development to achieve ultradeep desulfurization technology of the hydrocarbon fuels for environmental protection, hydrogen production, and fuel cell applications. 

Theoretical studies and the application of chemical reactions within the matrix of various molecular and ionic solvents are among the most important trends in modern chemistry and engineering since the nature of the solvent significantly affects the technological processes running in it [1, 2], Modern solution technologies are mainly based on the use of molecular liquids as solvents at room temperature. However, an increase in the application of high-temperature ionic melts as liquid media has been evident in recent decades. This is a consequence of a number of unique features which are characteristic of this class of solvents. 

Microwave-induced 1,3-dipolar cydoaddition reactions involving azomethine ylides have been widely reported in the literature. In 2002 many examples were described in a book chapter by de la Hoz [3j], which provides extensive coverage of the subject. The objective of this section is to highlight some of the most recent applications and trends in microwave synthesis, and to discuss the impact of this technology. Highly stereoselective intramolecular cycloadditions of azomethine ylides have been performed under solvent-free microwave conditions. 

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