Solution, factors affecting stability

Martell, A. E., Hancock, R. D., Motekaitis, R. J., Factors affecting stabilities of chelate, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic complexes in solution, Coord. Chem. Rev. 1994, 133, 39-65. 

Factors Affecting Stability to Heat Plasma and serum are notable for their capacity to hold in stable aqueous solution many substances whose solubility in pure water or salt solutions is extremely low. The remarkable capacity of certain globulin fractions— notably those from Fractions III-O and IV-1, as separated by the low temperature-ethanol technique— to bind cholesterol, phos-phatides, and other types of lipid material, in stable, water-soluble combination has already been described in the preceding section. Serum albumin, however, displays equally remarkable afiSnities for a somewhat different and extremely diverse group of substances, including many types of acid and basic dyes, the ions of many organic acids containing hydrocarbon residues, certain quinone derivatives, and other substances. 

Galerkin method becomes unstable and useless. It can also be seen that these oscillations become more intensified as a becomes larger (note that the factor affecting the stability is the magnitude of a and oscillatory solutions will also result using large negative coefficients). 

Although a number of factors affect structural evolution in sol-gel processing, many of the observed trends can be explained on the basis of the stability of the M-O-M bond in its synthesis environment. Structures which form in solution are the products of a successive series of hydrolysis, condensation and restructuring reactions. M-0-M bonds which are unstable with respect to hydrolysis and alcoholysis are absent. In borates this criterion precludes gelation for systems with insufficient fractions of 4-coordinated borons. In silicates... 

As illustrated in the previous sections, an array of MS methodologies are nowadays available to enantiodiscriminate chiral molecules by complexation with chiral selectors and to investigate the intrinsic factors affecting their stability in the gas phase. The advantages connected with studying enantioselectivity in simple ionic and neutral complexes in the gas phase instead of in complicated associations in solution come from the possibility to make precise statements upon the nature of... 

Biopolymers are, of course, poly electrolytes. This means that electrostatic repulsion between them, as well as the contribution of counterions to the total free energy of the system, are to be included amongst the key factors affecting the character of the biopolymer interactions, and hence the stability of mixed biopolymer solutions with respect to phase separation (Antipova and Semenova, 1997 Grinberg and Tolstoguzov, 1997 Polyakov et al., 1997 Semenova, 1996 Wassennan et al., 1997). For... 

Nguyen NAT, Wells ML, Cooper DC. Identification of factors affecting preservative efficacy and chemical stability of lamivudine oral solution through statistical experimental design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1995 21 1671-1682. 

P.F. Grassby, and L. Hutchings, Factors affecting the physical and chemical stability of morphine sulphate solutions stored in syringes. Int. J. Pharm. Pract. 2 39-43, 1993. 

---