Soluble Indulines

According to Caro a soluble induline is formed by heating amidoazobenzene hydrochloride inth neutral aniline hydrochloride to 100° with a little water [29]. This induline may be fixed on tannined cotton. 

An apparently different soluble induline is described by Istel as being formed on heating 2 parts aniline hydrochloride, 1 part of amidoazobenzene chloride, and 6 parts of water to 70°—80° C. for twenty-four hours. The new dyestuff gives a blue solution with water, and exhibits a reddish-brown fluorescence. It dyes on tannined cotton, and may be also fixed on unmordanted cotton from a bath containing common salt or acetate of soda. The shades on tannined cotton are very fast to light [38]. 

Indulines have also been prepared technically by heating azobenzene with aniline hydrochloride [25]. 

Recently a number of patents for the production of soluble indulines have been published. These are based for the greater number on the substitution of a diamine, generally paraphenylenediamine, for the aniline in the usual induline melts. A short summary only of these processes can be given here. The most important of these consists in heating amidoazobenzene hydrochloride with paraphenylenediamine to 180° for three or four hours. A similar product is obtained with amidoazotoluene. The dyestuffs obtained by this process have found technical application, and are known in commerce as Paraphenylene Bines [39, 40]. 

Metaphenylenediamine may also be used, but the products are not so fast to light. Triamidoazobenzenes (Bismark brown) and Chrysoidine give soluble indulines on heating with paraphenylenediamine. 

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The nigrosines comprise that section of these dyestuffs produced by action of nitro-compounds on aniline hydrochloride in presence of ferrous chloride. The method employed technically for production of indulines consists in heating aniline hydrochloride with amidoazobenzene. If the reaction be carried out at a low temperature, and especially if the mixture contains an excess of aniline hydrochloridev soluble indulines are produced in larger quantity. 

The first products of the reaction are simple soluble indulines and azophenine, and from these the higher products are formed by pheuylation. In all probability commercial induline contains a... 

Soluble indulines are also obtained —(1) By heating spirit-soluble indulines, azophenine, quinone, chloranil, azobenzene, azotoluene, or oxyazobenzene with paradiamines (Poirrier). (2) By heating diamidoazoxybenzene Avith aniline and aniline hydrochloride. (3) By heating nitro-derivatives of the amines with aniline c. in-presence of ferrous chloride. (4) By heating the azo-derivatives of naphthylenediamine [1, 5] with paraphenylenediamine and benzoic acid. 

Soluble indulines of the unsulphonated class are basic dyestuffs and are principally used in cotton-dyeing on a mordant of tannic acid and tartar emetic. 

Those completely resolvable under the ultramicroscope. To those belong the salts of sulfoacids with high molecular weights, such as. niline Blue, water soluble Induline, Bayrisch Blue, Violet Black in addition, certain pseudo solutions such as Fuchsine in aniline water, Fuchsine in sodium chloride (prepared hot, turbid when cold turning violet to blue) also the product which is obtained when alcoholic solutions of Scharlack are poured into water. 

Dissociation of the Protein-Poly phenolic Complex and Characterization of the Polyphenolic Fraction. Since Indulin ATR is almost completely soluble in THF while the APPL s are quite insoluble in this solvent, but are soluble in DMF, a sequence of different percentage mixtures of these two solvents was used in order to dissociate the protein-lignin complexes for further analyses of the lignin part. 

Figure 8. High performance size exclusion chromatography of Indulin ATR and of the THF soluble fraction of each APPL. (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 12, 1989, CNRC.)...

The lower members of the induline series are soluble in water, the higher ones in alcohol. 

Indaline C18H13N3 is formed by heating an amidoazobenzene melt- for 10 minutes at 140°. Another induline, C24H18N4, is also formed (see below), and is separated by the less solubility of its acetate in water. 

Azoplienine forms red leaflets, ]M.P. 240°, wliicli are insoluble in alcohol and ether, but soluble in aniline, benzene, and toluene [27, 28]. On heating the melt containing azophenine, other indulines are formed, amongst which the following, investigated by Witt and Thomas, may be mentioned —... 

Induline 3 B, C30H23N5. The hydrochloride is sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

The indulines are mostly insoluble in water both in form of bases and salts, but are soluble in alcohol. The solutions of the bases are red to reddish violet, the salts are bluish violet, blue, or bluish grey. They are soluble in concentrated sulphuric acid with a pure blue colour, the sulpho-acids have the same colour as the salts of the original induline, and the salts of the sulpho-acids have the same colour as the free bases. 

The soluble (sulphonated) indulines are dyed on cotton mordanted with tannin and tartar emetic a considerable amount of almn being added to the dye-bath. Wool may be dyed directly from an acid bath the induline generally being used in combination with other acid colours. Silk is dyed in a bath containing boiled-off liquor the shades being brightened by addition of sulphuric acid. 

OIL SOLUBLE AZO DYES The oil soluble, water-insoluble, azo dyes dissolve in oils, fats, waxes, etc. Generally, yellow, orange, red, and brown oil colors are azo structures and greens, blues, and violets are primarily anthraquinones (see Dyes, ANTHRAQUINONE). Blacks are usually nigrosines and indulines of the azine type (see Azine dyes). An example is Oil Red [85-85-6] (127) (Cl Solvent Red 24 Cl 26105). Uses include the coloring of hydrocarbons, waxes, oils, candles, etc. 

Induline n. Range of blue or black dyestuffs belonging to the saffanine group. They can be prepared in oil, spirit, and water-soluble forms. They are used as dyes for leather and in lake manufacture. 

Synonyms 4-(phenylazo)benzenamine C.I. Solvent Yellow 1 p-aminodiphenylimide Solvent Yellow 1 Aniline yellow C.I. 11000 p-(Phenylazo)aniline 4-amino-i,i -azobenzene p-aminoazobenzol 4-benzeneazoaniline paraphenolazo aniline p-phenylazopheny-lamine AAB aminoazobenzene Brasilazina Oil Yellow G Cellitazol R Ceres Yellow R C.I. Solvent Blue 7 fast Spirit Yellow fast Spirit Yellow AAB fat yellow AAB induline r oil-soluble Aniline Yellow oil yellow AAB Oil Yellow AN Oil Yellow B Oil Yellow R Organol Yellow Organol Yellow 2A Somalia Yellow 2G Stearix Brown 4R Sudan Yellow R Sudan Yellow RA 4-(phenylazo)-benzamine Uses as a dye for lacquer, varnish, wax products, oil stains and styrene resins in insecticides used as an intermediate in the manufacture of Acid Yellow, diazo dyes and indulines Cross para groups of compounds A... 

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