Solid state, viii

No simple osmium aqua ion has been definitely isolated and characterized, though in alkaline solution (and the solid state) the osmium(VIII) species 0s04(0H)2 is well characterized (sections 1.4.1 and 1.12.1). 

To date, 15 stibine R3M Sb(R/)3 (M = B, Al, Ga, In) and six bismuthine adducts R3M Bi(R )3 (M = Al, Ga) have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Their M-E, M-X and E-X bond lengths as well as X-M-X and X-E-X bond angles are summarized in Tables VI, YII and VIII. Figures 6-9 show the solid state structures of four representative adducts. 

POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS The gamma radiolysis of the homopolymers of acrylic, methacrylic and itaconic acids have been investigated in the solid state at 303 K, and in each case the yields of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and of radical intermediates have been measured. These are reported in Tables VII and VIII respectively. 

In 2-Me-2-Ph-substituted 1,3-dioxanes, the phenyl substituent proved to adopt the ax 1 (0 = 90°) conformation in the solid state (87ZSK124). Other preferred rotamers of 2-Ph-substituted 1,3-dioxanes in the solid state have been reported (Table VIII). 

Chlorine trifluoride oxide is colorless as a gas or liquid and white in the solid state. Some of its properties are summarized in Table VIII. The vapor pressure of the liquid can be described according to the Rocketdjme study (226) by the equation... 

Group VIII sulfides are obtained by the low-temperature precipitation described above. However, a preferred synthesis involves the direct sulfidation with hydrogen sulfide of ammonium hexachlorometallates. A good example is found in the synthesis of RuS2 and Rh2S3 (28). However, synthetic techniques and the solid-state chemistry of the Group VIII sulfides are not as well developed as those for the Group VII sulfides, and much research needs... 

VIII. Other aspects of solid-state behavior revealed by FTIR... 

VIII. OTHER ASPECTS OF SOLID-STATE BEHAVIOR REVEALED BY FTIR... 

F NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants with the crystallographi-cally characterized l,2-f/2-OFCOT complex of Fe(0) (see Section VII,A,2). Further heating of this compound or performance of the initial reaction in refluxing hexanes yields the l,2,5,6-f/4-OFCOT complex 72 (750). The tj5-indenyl analogue 73 can be prepared similarly and has been crystallographi-cally characterized (Fig. 9) (757). Discussion of the solid-state structure and solution dynamics of this latter compound is presented in Section VIII,D,2. 

Refs. [i] Inzelt G (2005) / Solid State Electrochem 9 245 [ii] Horanyi G (1980) Electrochim Acta 25 45 [iii] Horanyi G (2004) In Horanyi G (ed) Radiotracer studies of interfaces. Elsevier, Amsterdam, chapters 1,2,4,6 [iv] Horanyi G (2002) State of art present knowledge and understanding. In Bard AJ, Stratmann M, Gileadi E, Urbakh M (eds) Thermodynamics and electrified interfaces. Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol. 1. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Chap. 3 [v] Horanyi G (1999) Radiotracer studies of adsorption/sorption phenomena at electrode surfaces. In Wieckowski A (ed) Interfacial electrochemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 477 [vi] Horanyi G, Inzelt G (1978) / Electroanal Chem 87 423 [vii] Horanyi G, Inzelt G, Szetey E (1977) / Electroanal Chem 81 395 [viii] Vertes G, Horanyi G (1974) / Electroanal Chem 52 47 [ix] Horanyi G (1994) Catal Today19 285 [x] Horanyi G (2003) Electrocatalysis - heterogeneous. In Horvath IT (ed) Encyclopedia of catalysis, vol. 3. Wiley Interscience, Hoboken, pp 115-155 [xi] Inzelt G, Horanyi G (2006) The nickel group (nickel, palladium, and platinum). In Bard AJ, Stratmann M, Scholz F, Pickett CJ (eds) Inorganic chemistry. Encyclopedia of electrochemistry, vol 7a. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, chap. 18... 

Berlin, pp 211-222 [v] Kulesza PJ, Malik MA (1999) Solid-state electrochemistry. In Wieckowski A (ed) Interfacial electrochemistry. Theory, experiment, and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 673-688 [vi] Surridge NA, Jernigan JC, Dalton EF, Buck RP, Watanabe M, Zhang H, Pinkerton M, Wooster TT, Longmire ML, Facci JS, Murray RW (1989) Faraday Discuss Chem Soc 88 1 [vii] ArmandM (1989) Faraday Discuss Chem Soc 88 65 [viii] Kulesza PJ, Cox JA (1998) Electroanalysis 10 73... 

Of the various techniques routinely available, IR and 13C NMR spectroscopy usually provide the most valuable information in terms of the determination of the most appropriate valence description (A-D, Chart 1) of the carbon fragment. Mossbauer spectroscopy has also been used with good effect with iron-containing poly-carbon complexes.89 This solution-based work is complemented by a significant number of solid-state structural studies, which are described in greater detail below. Electronic spectroscopic methods, including luminescence methods, have been used to probe the electronic structures of a small number of poly-yndiyl complexes and polymers.288 315 340 342 377 380 Selected IR, 13C NMR, and UV-vis data have been given in Tables I-VIII, above. 

Dimerization of 2-(l-pyridinio)-benzimidazolate 55 has been observed in liquid solution (III,B) and in solid state, the shortest intermolecular contact being 3.29 A (Table VIII,III,C). The antiparallel stacked structure... 

---