Solid polymer electrolytes applications

Fauvarquet JF, Guinot S, Bouzir N, Salmon E, Penneau JF (1995) Alkaline poly(ethylene oxide) solid polymer electrolytes. Application to nickel secondary batteries. Electrochim Acta 40 2449... 

Fauvarque, J.F., Guinot, S., Bouzir, N., Salmon, E., Penneau, J.F. (1995) Alkaline poly (ethylene oxide) solid polymer electrolytes application to nickel secondary batteries. Electrochimica Acta, 40, 2449-2453. 

J F. M. Gray, Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Fundamentals and Technological Applications, VCH, New York, 1991. 

Fuel cells (hydrogen-oxygen, hydrogen-air, methanol-air) and industrial electrolysis (water, chlor-alkali) using ion-exchange membranes are the most demanding applications for the membranes. In these apphcations, the membranes have often been designated as SPE, which can be read as solid polymer electrolyte or solid... 

What can be learnt from XPS about electrochemical processes will be demonstrated and discussed in the main part of this chapter by means of specific examples. Thereby a survey of new XPS and UPS results on relevant electrode materials will be given. Those electrode materials, which have some potential for a technical application, are understood as practical and will be discussed with respect to the relevant electrochemical process. The choice of electrode materials discussed is of course limited. Emphasis will be put on those materials which are relevant for technical solid polymer electrolyte cells being developed in the author s laboratory. 

In the following chapter examples of XPS investigations of practical electrode materials will be presented. Most of these examples originate from research on advanced solid polymer electrolyte cells performed in the author s laboratory concerning the performance of Ru/Ir mixed oxide anode and cathode catalysts for 02 and H2 evolution. In addition the application of XPS investigations in other important fields of electrochemistry like metal underpotential deposition on Pt and oxide formation on noble metals will be discussed. 

Poltarzewski, E., Stoiti, R, Alderucci, V., Wieczorek, W., and Giordano, N. Nation distribution in gas diffusion electrodes for solid polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications. Journal of the Electrochemical Society 1992 139 761-765. 

For the sake of discussion, we have divided the separators into six types—microporous films, non-wovens, ion exchange membranes, supported liquid membranes, solid polymer electrolytes, and solid ion conductors. A brief description of each type of separator and their application in batteries are discussed below. 

The solid polymer electrolyte approach provides enhanced safety, but the poor ambient temperature conductivity excludes their use for battery applications. which require good ambient temperature performance. In contrast, the liquid lithium-ion technology provides better performance over a wider temperature range, but electrolyte leakage remains a constant risk. Midway between the solid polymer electrolyte and the liquid electrolyte is the hybrid polymer electrolyte concept leading to the so-called gel polymer lithium-ion batteries. Gel electrolyte is a two-component system, viz., a polymer matrix... 

Ion-exchanger resins as solid polymer electrolytes, impregnated with the cations of the chosen anode metal, may prove applicable. Their use in the fuel-cell/electrolyzer single module concept is already under investigation as to complexity and operability (115). Doubtless better SPE s will be discovered. 

Electrochemical gas detection instruments have been developed which use a hydrated solid polymer electrolyte sensor cell to measure the concentration of specific gases, such as CO, in ambient air. These instruments are a spin-off of GE aerospace fuel cell technology. Since no liquid electrolyte is used, time-related problems associated with liquid electrolytes such as corrosion or containment are avoided. This paper describes the technical characteristics of the hydrated SPE cell as well as recent developments made to further improve the performance and extend the scope of applications. These recent advances include development of NO and NO2 sensor cells, and cells in which the air sample is transported by diffusion rather than a pump mechanism. 

Polybenzazole block copolymers, (III), prepared by Martin et al. (2) were suitable in solid polymer electrolyte membrane applications as a solid polymer electrolyte doped membranes and in fuel cells derived from them. 

The best hope for olefin/paraffin facilitated membrane separations seems to be the solid polymer electrolyte membranes discussed earlier, the results of which are shown in Figures 11.21 and 11.22. If stable membranes with these properties can be produced on an industrial scale, significant applications could develop in treating gases from steam crackers that manufacture ethylene and from polyolefin plants. 

Smith B, Sridhar S, Khan A, (2005). Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications-a review. Journal of Membrane Science 259 10-26 Sopian K, Wan Daud W, (2006). Challenges and future developments in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Renewable Energy 31 719-727 Srinivasan S, (2006). Fuel cells From fundamentals to applications. Springer Science and Business Media LLC, New York... 

Principles and Applications of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Reactors for Electrochemical Hydrodehalogenation of Organic Pollutants... 

---