Solid-phase spectroscopy using

Preconcentration, separation, and analysis from a given matrix using nonchromatographic techniques with solid-phase spectroscopy in the detection system... 

The use of solid-phase spectroscopy (SPS), based on using appropriate microbeads in the detection zone of the flow system, has been rarely described with SIA coupling. Nevertheless, Llorent-Martlnez et al. [150] proposed a dual SIA optosensor in which two SPS luminescence detection techniques are used in the same manifold (fluorescence and chemiluminescence) for application to multivitamin determination (vitamins B2, B, and C). 

The development of methods using sorbents modified with analytical reagents that enable analytical signal measuring directly on the surface by solid-phase spectrometry, visually or by electrothermic atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS) after elution is now a subject of growing interest. 

Typical characterization of the thermal conversion process for a given molecular precursor involves the use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to obtain ceramic yields, and solution NMR spectroscopy to identify soluble decomposition products. Analyses of the volatile species given off during solid phase decompositions have also been employed. The thermal conversions of complexes containing M - 0Si(0 Bu)3 and M - 02P(0 Bu)2 moieties invariably proceed via ehmination of isobutylene and the formation of M - O - Si - OH and M - O - P - OH linkages that immediately imdergo condensation processes (via ehmination of H2O), with subsequent formation of insoluble multi-component oxide materials. For example, thermolysis of Zr[OSi(O Bu)3]4 in toluene at 413 K results in ehmination of 12 equiv of isobutylene and formation of a transparent gel [67,68]. 

Vol. 66 Solid Phase Biochemistry Analytical and Synthetic Aspects. Edited by William H. Scouten Vol. 67 An Introduction to Photoelectron Spectroscopy. By Pradip K. Ghosh Vol. 68 Room Temperature Phosphorimetry for Chemical Analysis. By Tuan Vo-Dinh Vol. 69 Potentiometry and Potentiometric Titrations. By E. P. Serjeant Vol. 70 Design and Application of Process Analyzer Systems. By Paul E. Mix Vol. 71 Analysis of Organic and Biological Surfaces. Edited by Patrick Echlin Vol. 72 Small Bore Liquid Chromatography Columns Their Properties and Uses. Edited by Raymond P.W. Scott... 

Varenne, A., Salmain, M., Brisson, C., and Jaouen, G. (1992) Transition metal carbonyl labeling of proteins. A novel approach to a solid-phase two-site immunoassay using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Bioconjugate Chem. 3, 471-476. 

Six crystalline solid phases of fluprednisolone and an amorphous phase were characterized using XPD, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry [9]. Three of these six crystalline phases were anhydrous (forms I,... 

Rotational motion is spinning of the entire molecule around an axis in three-dimensional space. Figure 10 illustrates the rotational motion of a water molecule. Rotational motion occurs in liquid and gas phases of water and, to a limited extent, through defects in the solid phase (ice). Rotational motion of water molecules can be measured using NMR and dielectric spectroscopy (Belton, 1994). 

Raman spectroscopy has been used by several authors as an indent-ification method by comparing spectra of solutions with spectra of solid phases of known structure (85, 92-95). The heptamolybdate could be clearly identified (cf. below) and its spectrum in the solid state and aqueous solution is well characterized (93, 94). Other polyanions seem to be more difficult to identify because overlapping equilibria tend to conceal small changes in the spectrum upon acidification. 

Compared with IR and Raman spectroscopies, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy has had only limited use in heterogeneous catalysis. Nevertheless, this spectroscopy can provide information on concentration changes of organic compounds dissolved in a liquid phase in contact with a solid catalyst, be used to characterize adsorbates on catalytic surfaces, provide information on the... 

Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are nondestructive, quick and convenient techniques for monitoring the course of solid-phase reactions, and have therefore been widely used for the characterization of polymer supports and supported species [156-160]. In fact, the application of infrared spectroscopy in solid-phase synthesis has received much attention and has been the subject of several recent reviews [127, 128, 161-164]. Reactions involving either the appearance or disappearance of an IR-active functional group can be easily monitored using any of the IR techniques described in this section. Some beads are typically removed from the reaction mixture, then they are quickly washed and dried prior to IR analysis. Traditionally, polymer supports are diluted and ground with KBr, then conventional FT-IR analysis of the KBr disk is carried out Although this is a commonly used... 

A frequent complication in the use of an insoluble polymeric support lies in the on-bead characterization of intermediates. Although techniques such as MAS NMR, gel-phase NMR, and single bead IR have had a tremendous effect on the rapid characterization of solid-phase intermediates [27-30], the inherent heterogeneity of solid-phase systems precludes the use of many traditional analytical methods. Liquid-phase synthesis does not suffer from this drawback and permits product characterization on soluble polymer supports by routine analytical methods including UV/visible, IR, and NMR spectroscopies as well as high resolution mass spectrometry. Even traditional synthetic methods such as TLC may be used to monitor reactions without requiring preliminary cleavage from the polymer support [10, 18, 19]. Moreover, aliquots taken for characterization may be returned to the reaction flask upon recovery from these nondestructive... 

Fe(OH), using Mdssbauer spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Phy. Chem. Min. 22 11-20 McCreadie, H. Blowes, D.W. (2000) Influence of reduction reactions and solid-phase composition on porewater concentrations of arsenic. Environ. Sd. Tedm. 34 3159-3166 McFadden, L.D. Hendricks, D.M. (1985) Changes in the content and composition of pedogenic iron oxyhydroxides in a chronose-quence of soils in Southern Cahfomia. Quart. Res. 23 189-204... 

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