Solid-liquid separation equipment continuous filters

As shown in Fig. 11.1-1, the solids—liquid separation device is the link between the solids formation equipment and the diying operation, Thus, predictable and reliable operation is essential in this stage of the processing sequence. Continuous or baich-automatic centrifuges nad continuous vacuum filters are typically used to recover solid material from continuous crystal I ization operations. Many factors are considered in [ha final selection of the device. In any case, an equipment testing program is always essential to determine the capacity and performance of solids separation equipment. 

Depending on the task of the separation process, a large number of different types of equipment for the solid-liquid separation are available. Criteria for the selection are, inter alia, the filtration properties of the crop and the size of the particles, the suspension density, and the mode of operation, batchwise or continuous. Two main types of solid-liquid separations can be distinguished, cake forming filtration under pressure and centrifugation. In both cases, the crystals form a filter cake on a medium through which the mother liquor has to pass. The resistance is the rate-limiting step for the filtration and the characteristic property of the suspension. 

B. Tropohne. In a 1-1., three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, addition funnel, and reflux condenser are placed 500 ml. of glacial acetic acid and then, cautiously, 100 g. of sodium hydroxide pellets. After the pellets have dissolved, 100 g. of 7,7-dichlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-one is added and the solution is maintained at reflux under nitrogen for 8 hours. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is then added until the mixture is about pH 1 approximately 125 ml. of acid is required. After the addition of 1 1. of benzene, the mixture is filtered and the solid sodium chloride is washed with three 100-ml. portions of benzene. The two phases of the filtrate are separated and the aqueous phase is transferred to a 1-1. continuous extractor (Note 8) which is stirred magnetically. The combined benzene phase is transferred to a 2-1. pot connected to the extractor and the aqueous phase is extracted for 13 hours. Following distillation of the benzene, the remaining orange liquid is distilled under reduced pressure... 

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