Interfacial liquid/solid

One remarkably simple yet seemingly robust outcome of Turnbull s experiments was his empirical finding that the solid-liquid interfacial free energy was... 

The entropically driven disorder-order transition in hard-sphere fluids was originally discovered in computer simulations [58, 59]. The development of colloidal suspensions behaving as hard spheres (i.e., having negligible Hamaker constants, see Section VI-3) provided the means to experimentally verify the transition. Experimental data on the nucleation of hard-sphere colloidal crystals [60] allows one to extract the hard-sphere solid-liquid interfacial tension, 7 = 0.55 0.02k T/o, where a is the hard-sphere diameter [61]. This value agrees well with that found from density functional theory, 7 = 0.6 0.02k r/a 2 [21] (Section IX-2A). 

The solid-liquid interfacial energy is related to the solid surface energy through... 

The Good-Girifalco theory [77-82] was originally formulated to make an attempt to correlate the solid-liquid interfacial tension to the solid surface energy and the liquid surface tension through an interaction parameter, basic formulation of the theory is ... 

Induction period measurements can also be used to determine interfacial tensions. To validate the values inferred, however, it is necessary to compare the results with an independent source. Hurley etal. (1995) achieved this for Cyanazine using a dynamic contact angle analyser (Calm DCA312). Solid-liquid interfacial tensions estimated from contact angle measurements were in the range 5-12 mJ/m which showed closest agreement with values (4—20mJ/m ) obtained from the log-log plots of induction time versus supersaturation based on the assumption of — tg. 

In the absence of specific interactions of the receptor - ligand type the change in the Helmholtz free energy (AFadj due to the process of adsorption is AFads = yps - ypi - Ysi, where Yps, YPi and ys, are the protein-solid, protein-liquid and solid-liquid interfacial tensions, respectively [5], It is apparent from this equation that the free energy of adsorption of a protein onto a surface should depend not only of the surface tension of the adhering protein molecules and the substrate material but also on the surface tension of the suspending liquid. Two different situations are possible. 

A drop of liquid at rest on a solid surface is under the influence of three forces or tensions. As shown in Fig. 10.2, the circumference of the area of contact of a circular drop is drawn toward the center of the drop by the solid-liquid interfacial tension, 7sl- The equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid produces an adsorbed layer on the solid surface that causes the circumference to move away from the drop center and is equivalent to a solid-vapor interfacial tension, ygy- The interfacial tension between the liquid and vapor, y y, essentially equivalent to the surface tension y of the... 

Agitated vessels (liquid-solid systems) Below the off-bottom particle suspension state, the total solid-liquid interfacial area is not completely or efficiently utilized. Thus, the mass transfer coefficient strongly depends on the rotational speed below the critical rotational speed needed for complete suspension, and weakly depends on rotational speed above the critical value. With respect to solid-liquid reactions, the rate of the reaction increases only slowly for rotational speed above the critical value for two-phase systems where the sohd-liquid mass transfer controls the whole rate. When the reaction is the ratecontrolling step, the overall rate does not increase at all beyond this critical speed, i.e. when all the surface area is available to reaction. The same holds for gas-liquid-solid systems and the corresponding critical rotational speed. 

Fig. 14. Schematic illustration of a drop ofliquid spreading in contact with a solid surface, showing the relations between the relevant parameters the contact angle, 0 the solid/vapor interfacial free energy, Ysv the liquid/vapor interfacial free energy, yLV and the solid/liquid interfacial free energy, ySL. Young s equation describes the relationship between these parameters for a stationary drop at thermodynamic equilibrium [175]...

However, the surface tension of the solid, ySG, and the solid—liquid interfacial tension, ySL, cannot be measured direcdy by simple means. The work of adhesion of the solid to the liquid SL, is usually determined by other techniques. 

Photoelectrochemical Systems Involving Solid-Liquid Interfacial Layers of Chlorophylls... 

Azo coupling. Silica gel facilitates solid-liquid interfacial azo coupling. The yield is increased by the presence of 4% H,0.2 Example ... 

The solid/liquid interfacial energy is reduced on applying a voltage V between the droplet and a counter-electrode below the insulator. This decreases 0and leads to improved wetting of the solid by the droplet (dashed contour) [98] (by courtesy of RSQ. 

J J. Hoyt et al., Method for computing the anisotropy of the solid-liquid interfacial free energy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5530-5533 (2001)... 

Luminescence has proven a useful probe of structure and dynamics in a broad range of heterogeneous media, from zeolites to micelles to biomaterials. The sensitivity of this process to its environment, and its ease of detection, make it a highly versatile analytical tool. To date, luminescence as a probe of solid-liquid interfacial processes in SAMs is still relatively limited. However, with the development of fluorescence-based analytical methods of increasing spatial and temporal resolution, it is likely to be used increasingly in answering fundamental questions regarding monolayer behavior. 

Solid-Vapor and Solid-Liquid Interfacial Structures... 

Wettability at high temperatures solid/liquid interfacial energy... 

Contact angles provide a unique means of determining solid-vapor and solid-liquid interfacial tensions because of the Young equation... 

Because solid-liquid interfacial tensions are always positive or zero, as a limiting case, it follows that AFtoh < 0, implying that, in the absence of electrostatic... 

Beck A., Horvath A., Szucs A., Schay Z., Horvath Z. E., Zsoldos Z., Dekany I., Guczi L., Pd nanoparticles prepared by controlled colloidal synthesis in solid/liquid interfacial layer on silica. I. Particle size regulation by reduction time, Catal. Lett. 65 (2000) pp. 33-42. 

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