Interfacial tension determination

In this manner, the surface excess of ions can be found from the experimental values of the interfacial tension determined for a number of electrolyte concentrations. These measurements require high precision and are often experimentally difficult. Thus, it is preferable to determine the surface excess from the dependence of the differential capacity on the concentration. By differentiating Eq. (4.2.30) with respect to EA and using Eqs (4.2.24) and (4.2.25) in turn we obtain the Gibbs-Lippmann equation... 

The view that the monomers are confined to the reverse micellar pseudophase is supported by interfacial tension data (67), which demonstrate that in a two-phase octane/water system, partially hydrolyzed TEOS species partition preferentially into the aqueous phase. The interfacial tension determined at the octane/water interface for samples prepared with precursor ethanolic solutions of different water-to-TEOS molar ratios (h - 0, 0.29, and 0.55) are presented in Figure 2.2.14 (67). As can be seen, for TEOS concentrations below about 4 X 10- 1 M, the octane/water interfacial tension is independent of the concentration of TEOS species in the organic phase... 

Strategic Planning Basic Protocol 1 Static Interfacial Tension Determination at a Liquid/Gas D3.6.1... 

Interface by the du Noiiy Ring Method Basic Protocol 2 Dynamic Interfacial Tension Determination by the Drop D3.6.5... 

STATIC INTERFACIAL TENSION DETERMINATION AT A LIQUID/GAS INTERFACE BY THE WILHEMY PLATE METHOD... 

DYNAMIC INTERFACIAL TENSION DETERMINATION BY THE DROP VOLUME TECHNIQUE... 

Interfacial and surface tensions are the most important chciracteristics of fluid-fluid interfaces and hardly any paper exists in which such tensions do not play a central role. In fact the entire present volume of FICS will be devoted to them. In chapter 2 a molecular Interpretation will be given. Chapters 3 and 4 deal extensively with liquid-fluid interfaces containing spread and adsorbed molecules, respectively and chapter 5 will treat three-phase contacts. For all these applications, measurement is a first and necessary element. Langmuir troughs, to be described in sec. 3.3.1, also involve a kind of interfacial tension determination since... 

Interfacial Tensiometry, A.I. Rusanov, V.A. Prokhorov, Eds. Original Russian version Khimiya, St. Petersburg (1994), English transl. Elsevier (1996). (This book is especially valuable because of the very detailed analysis and documentation on capillarity and interfacial tension determination.)... 

The solubility of water in organic solvents does not follow any of these aforementioned models. For example, while the free energy of solubility, AG i, for alkanes in water is linearly dependent on the alkyl chain, there exists no such dependence of water solubility in alkanes (see Table 3.13). If the microscopic interfacial tension determines the work of forming a cavity in alkane, then this should be almost the same as the cavity needed in alkane for dissolution of water. Furthermore, very few data in the literature are available concerning the effect of temperature or pressure on solubility. 

The appearance of ultra-low interfacial tension determines the use of such microemulsion systems for enhancing the degree of oil pool recovery. Microemulsion systems, sometimes also referred to as the micellar solutions, are pumped into the secondary satellite holes located at a certain distance from the production oil well. Water containing the required amount of electrolyte is pumped further into these satellite wells. While penetrating the oil pool, this microemulsion with substantial surfactant content, washes off the oil and forces it towards the production well [25,26]. 

The balance of the results depends on calculation of contact angles from measurements of capillary rise [10]. A value of 41 dynes per cm. for the gallium-mercury interfacial tension, determined in previous work in this laboratory [8], was used in these calculations. The densities of the two saturated phases are 6.28 grams per cc. for the gallium and 13.35 for the mercury [8]. 

Expression (38) for interfacial tension determines not only the coefficient of the q- contribution to the spectrum of capillary waves at the free oil/water interface but also the same coefficient of the spectrum in the lamellar phase—as long as all interfaces in the stack fluctuate in phase—except that is now the mean-field density profile of the lamellar... 

A. Luciani, L.A. Utracki, The extensional flow mixCT, EFM. Int. Polym. Process. 11,299-309 (1996) A. Luciani, ME. Champagne, L.A. Utracki, Interfacial tension determination by retraction of ellipsoidal drops. J. Polym. Sd. B. Polym. Phys. Ed. 35(9), 1393-1403 (1997)... 

FIGURE 8.1 Interfacial tensions determine the shape of a sessile drop of liquid at an interface. 

Various interfacial tensions determine the equilibrium contact angle for a liquid drop sitting on an ideally smooth, homogeneous, flat, and nondeformable surface. They are related by Young s equation ... 

Principal concern of this study was to understand and limit the dispersing characteristics of an emulsion treated by an air-assisted atomizer, where consequently the interfacial tension plays another important role. Dispersion or breakup of the internal emulsion droplets (primary or secondary) during spraying is mainly a function of interfacial tension (determining the energy required to deform and increase the interface) and the viscous flow stresses (depending on the applied velocity field and the viscosity ratio A of dispersed to continuous phase). Therefore, interfacial tension was measured for SEs (SE interface between continuous and disperse fluid phases) and DEs (DE interface between continuous and dispersed... 

The Laplace equation 2y/e pg h p y - y is the liq. A/liq. B interfacial tension) determines the local curvature 1/e of the cocoon surface. Then the pits of size smaller than e are invaded by the wetting liquid. One can vary e on several decades, by varying either h or P-... 

Breaking Thread Method for Interfacial Tension Determination Figure 5.35 Breaking thread method for the determination of interfacial tension of polymer blends... 

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