Solid film, reversible

Solid films of spiropyrans are important in optical data storage. Thin films of spirobenzopyran (1.0 (tm) have been prepared by vacuum deposition, and its reversible photochromism has been confirmed.39 The J-aggre-... 

Electroactive donors, such as TTF or triarylpyrazoline, can be bound in high yield to polymeric matrices. The TTF linear polymers show interesting cooperative properties (i.e., ion-radical cluster formation) that is not observed for the isolated monomers in solution or the low coverage polymers. Furthermore, thin solid films of these donors bound to cross-linked polymer backbones display remarkably facile charge transport through the film bulk which is accompanied by dramatic and reversible optical changes. 

Scanning tunneling microscopy of solid films of Cm and C > clearly demonstrate the occurrence of photochemical polymerization of these fullerenes in the solid state. X-ray diffraction studies show that such a polymerization is accompanied by contraction of the unit-cell volume in the case of Cm and expansion in the case of C70. This is also evidenced from the STM images. These observations help to understand the differences in the amotphization behavior of Cm and C70 under pressure. Amorphization of Cm under pressure is irreversible because it is accompanied by polymerization associated with a contraction of the unit cel volume. Monte Carlo simulations show how pressure-induced polymerization is favored in Cm because of proper orientation as well as the required proximity of the molecules. Amorphization of C70, on the other hand, is reversible because Cn is less compressible and polymerization is not favored under pressure. 

A reversible optical waveguide sensor for ammonia vapor was introduced more recently [137], consisting of a small capillary glass tube fltted with a LED and a phototransistor detector to form a multiple reflecting optical device. When the capillary was coated with a thin solid film composed of a pH-sensitive oxazine dye, the instrument was capable of reversibly sensing ammonia. Vapor concentrations from 100 to below 60 ppm were easily and reproducibly detected. A preliminary qualitative kinetic model was proposed to describe the vapor-film interactions. 

Adhesive materials used in vinyl lamination processes are discussed in detail. Characteristics of cold line epoxies and water-based emulsions are discussed. Information is presented on the lamination processes and applying the adhesive. Vinyls most commonly used are said to be Opaque Top Printed Laminate (OTPL)ZKlear View, Opaque Embossed (OE)/Solid Colour Film, Reverse Printed (RP) and Top Printed (TP). 

Ogawa T, Kobayashi K, Masuda G, Takase T, Maeda S (2001) Electronic conductive characteristics of devices fabricated with 1,10-decanedithiol and gold nanoparticles between 1-m electrode gaps. Thin Solid Films 393 374-378 Pang P, Guo Z, Cai Q (2005) Humidity effect on the monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles coated chemiresistor sensor for VOCs analysis. Talanta 65 1343-1348 Pileni MP (1993) Reverse micelles as microreactors. J Phys Chem 97 6961-6973... 

Gandhi T, Raja KS, Misra M (2009) Synthesis of ZnTe nano wires onto Ti02 nanotubular arrays by pulse-reverse electrodeposition. Thin Solid Films 517 4527... 

Really, the concept of a pore could be generalized to include all interstices in the materials of a solid film. According to this, strictly speaking all membranes should be porous. Even if we accept that pores are only supra-molecular, more or less interconnected paths, with an estimable contribution to the transport through the membrane, many membranes usually considered as dense, as for example gas separation or reverse osmosis membranes, should be reinterpreted as porous as far as microvoids in amorphous or semicristalline polymeric films play a relevant role in permeability. 

Z.-Z., Hayami, S., Fujishima, A., and Sato, O., Reversible photoinduced switching of magnetic properties at room temperature of iron oxide particles in self-assembled films containing azobenzene, Thin Solid Films, 374, 109, 2000. 

Mochizuki, E., Yasui, N., Kai, Y, Inaki, Y, Wang, Y, Saito, T, Tohnai, N., and Miyata, M., Reversible photodimerization of ester derivatives of thymine having long alkyl chain in solid film. Polymer /., 32, 492, 2000. 

The formation of a liquid phase from the vapour at any pressure below saturation cannot occur in the absence of a solid surface which serves to nucleate the process. Within a pore, the adsorbed film acts as a nucleus upon which condensation can take place when the relative pressure reaches the figure given by the Kelvin equation. In the converse process of evaporation, the problem of nucleation does not arise the liquid phase is already present and evaporation can occur spontaneously from the meniscus as soon as the pressure is low enough. It is because the processes of condensation and evaporation do not necessarily take place as exact reverses of each other that hysteresis can arise. 

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