Soil organic matter function

Carrizosa MJ, Hermosin MC, Koskinen WC, Cornejo J (2004) Interactions of two sulfonylurea herbicides with organoclays. Clays Clay Miner 52 643-649 Celis R, Hermosin MC, Cornejo J (2000) Heavy metal adsorption by functionalized clays. Environ Sci Technol 34 4593-4599 Chappell MA, Laird DA, Thompson ML, Li H, Teppen BJ, Johnston CT, Boyd SA (2005) Influence of smectite hydration and swelling on atrazine sorption behavior. Environ. Sci Technol 39 3150-3156 Chiou CT (1989) Theoretical considerations of the partition uptake of nonionic organic compounds by soil organic matter. In Sawhney BL, Brown K (eds) Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 1-29... 

The purpose of this paper is to review the significance of soil organic matter fractions, and the size and activity of the soil microbial community to the function of agricultural soils and investigate how land use and soil management affect these parameters. 

UNFCCC (1997) Kyoto protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on climate change. Document FCCC/CP/1997/7/ Add 1, http //www.unfccc.de Van Cleve K, Powers RF (1995) Soil carbon, soil formation, and ecosystem development. In McFee WW, Kelly JM (eds) Carbon forms and functions in forest soils. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 155-200 Wedin TA, Tieszen LL, Dewey B, Pastor J (1995) Carbon isotope dynamics during grass decomposition and soil organic matter formation. Ecology 76 1383-1392... 

Baisden WT, Amundson R, Brenner DL, Cook AC, Kendall C, Harden JW (2002) A multi-isotope C and N modeling analysis of soil organic matter turnover and transport as a function of soil depth in a California annual grassland soil chronosequence. Global Biogeochem Cycles 16 1135. doi 10.1029/2001GB001823... 

All these methods result in gases being given off by the samples. These gases are easy to analyze by either MS or FTIR. In either method, information about the compounds present in, primarily, the soil organic matter is obtained. In the case of FTIR, specific functionalities such as -OH, -C=0, —NH2, and -COOH can be obtained. If specific compounds are released, they can also be identified. In the case of MS, specific mass-to-charge (mlz) ratios can be... 

The transport and partitioning of an organic compound in the environment is a function of the physical and chemical properties of that compound and the site-specific characteristics of the environment (e.g., percentage soil organic matter). Based on the environmental correlations with physical properties (Lyman et al. 1982), the physical and chemical properties of the three isomeric cresols are sufficiently similar to indicate that similar transport and partitioning processes will be... 

Humic Materials. Humic materials are divided into three fractions based on their solubility in aqueous solutions as a function of pH humic acid, which is soluble in an alkaline aqueous solution fulvic acid, which is soluble in an aqueous solution regardless of pH and humin, which is insoluble in water at any pH value (and contains the OMN in soil organic matter). The chemical characteristics of humic acid and fulvic acid (e.g., Stevenson, 1994 Orlov, 1985 Rashid, 1985 Aiken et al., 1987 Hayes et al., 1987) and humin (Hatcher et al., 1985 Rice, 2001) are described in numerous reviews. 

Grandy, A. S., and Neff, J. C. (2008). Molecular C dynamics downstream The biochemical decomposition sequence and its impact on soil organic matter structure and function. Sci. Total Environ. 404(2/3), 297-303. 

Functional Groups Detection in Soil Organic Matter 671... 

In addition to their use in the functional speciation role, selective extraction methods have been used to target element species in soil, or elements bound to, or associated with, particular soil phases or compounds. Examples include the use of extractants to release, for determination, metals on exchange sites, or metals bound or associated with soil iron or manganese oxyhydroxides or with soil organic matter. Most of these extractants are, however, less specific than intended and may extract species from other phases. Such extractants, however, are commonly, and conveniently, designated by their target species, e.g. extractable metal species or carbonate-bound species, but should more strictly be regarded as examples of speciation in which the species are operationally defined, i.e. by the method used to isolate them. 

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