Soil organic matter chemical composition

Leinweber P, Schulten HR, Korschens M (1995) Hot water extracted organic matter chemical composition and temporal variations in a long-term field experiment. Biol Fertil Soils 20 17-23... 

McGrath, D. (1997) Extractability, chemical composition, and reactivities of soil organic matter of Irish grassland soils. In Hayes, M.H.B. and Wilson, W.S. (eds) hfumic Substances in Soils, Peats and Waters. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 31-38. 

Golchin, A., Clarke, P., Baldock, J. A., Higashi, T., Skjemstad, J. O., and Oades, J. M. (1997). The effects of vegetation and burning on the chemical composition of soil organic matter in a volcanic ash soil shown by 13C NMR spectroscopy. I. Whole soil and humic acid fraction. Geoderma 76,155-174. 

In order to describe a rock, its chemical and mineral composition, the structure, and characteristic physical properties of its particles have to be studied. In the case of soils, the soil organic matter and its properties also have to be investigated. 

Beyer, L., Sorge, C., and Schulten, H.-R., Studies on the composition and formation of soil organic matter in terrestrial soils by wet-chemical methods and pyrolysis-field ionization MS, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 27, 169-185, 1993. 

In the process of trying to find out all that we can about the chemical nature of soil organic matter, or humus, various means of nibbling off a small section of the complex are commonly used, and its composition then determined, but this leaves the big question of whether this small segment actually existed as such in the original material. If so, how was it arranged and how essential a part of the whole was it Could it be merely an artifact ... 

In the present discussion only the general nature of soil organic matter and some of the more important established facts regarding its chemical composition will be presented. The mass of work that deals with methods, model compounds, most chemical analyses, and interpretation of the bits of information gathered by various procedures, cannot be considered here in detail. Many excellent review articles are available that supply this information. As already stated, the older literature is covered adequately by the classical book on humus by Waksman (1938). An earlier book by Waksman (1932) considers the role that microorganisms play in soil. Some of the recent reviews are the following Dawson (1950, 1956), Bremner (1951, 1954, 1965), Broadbent (1953, 1955), Thiele and Kettner (1953), Fraser (1955), Scheffer and Ulrich (1960), Kononova (1961), Russell (1961), Dubach and Mehta (1963), Mortensen (1963), Whitehead and Tinsley... 

Zhou et al. studied the chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM) along a 2000 year paddy soil chronosequence in eastern China by use of advanced ssNMR spectroscopy as well as FTIR, aiming to identify changes in the chemical composition of SOM over a millennium... 

The chemical composition of the soil and groundwater, specifically the amount of natural organic matter (NOM) and other reduced species, such as iron (II) or manganese (II) often analyzed as the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the soil, or the soil oxidant demand. 

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