Oxidation soils

Wrage N, Velthof GL, van Beusichem ML, Oenema, O.Role of nitrifier denitrification in the production of nitrous oxide. Soil Biol. Biochem. 2001 33 1723-1732. DOI 10.1016/S0038-0717(01)00096-7... 

Backes C.A., McLaren R.G., Rate A.W., Swift R.S. Kinetics of cadmium and cobalt desoprtion from iron and manganese oxides. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1995 59 778-785. 

Jackson B.P., Miller W.P. Effectiveness of phosphate and hydroxide for desorption of arsnic and selenium species from iron oxides. Soil Sci Soc Am J 2000 64 1616-1622. 

Zasoski R. J., Burau R.G. Sorption and sorptive interaction of cadmium and zinc on hydrous manganese oxide. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1988 52 81-87. 

There are still other methods of oxidizing soil organic matter. These are not generally or commonly used for a variety of reasons, which can be found by investigating them in the literature [22] (see also Chapter 10 for further details). 

Pollution of soils and waters by human activities is an important and widespread problem. This pollution by, organic and inorganic substances can affect individual organisms, human populations, and ecosystems, each in its own unique way. In particular former military installations, often used for weapons production and nuclear power plants represent a ongoing and substantial threat to environment and human health because of the specific pollutants that can be released Solvents, explosives, fuels, radionuclides, heavy metals, and metalloids all have been identified in the environment around these installations. Remediation technologies for these contaminated sites have been developed based on conventional systems utilising physical and chemical treatments, such as excavation and incineration, pump-and-treat methods, ultraviolet oxidation, soil washing, etc. 

Stol, L. H., O. C. Taylor, J. Letey, and T. E. Szuszkiewicz. Influence of soil-oxygen diffesion rates on susceptibility of tomato plants to air-borne oxidants. Soil Sci. 91 151-155, 1%1. 

Arai,Y. Sparks, D.L. (2001) ATR-ETIR spectroscopic investigation on phosphate adsorption mechanisms at the ferrihydrite-water interface. J. Coll. Int. Sd. 241 317—326 Araki, S. Hirai, H. Kyuma, K. (1986) Phosphate absorption of red and/or yellow colored soil materials in relation to the characteristics of free oxides. Soil Sd. Plant Nutr. 32 609-616... 

Inoue, K. Hiradate, S. Takagi, S. (1993) Interaction of mugineic acid with synthetically produced iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 

Izumi, F. (1993) Rietveld analysis program RIE-TAN and PREMOS and special applications. In Young, R.A. (ed.) The Rietveld Method, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 236-253 Jackson, B.P. Miller, W.P. (2000) Effectiveness of phosphate and hydroxide for desorption of arsenic and selenium species from iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64 1616-1622 Jain, A. Raven, K.P. Loeppert, R.EI. (1999) Ar-senite and arsenate adsorption on ferrihy-drite Surface charge reductions and net OEI-release stoichiometry. Environ. Sci. Techn. 

Kummert, R. Stumm,W. (1980) The surface complexation of organic acids on hydrous y-AI2O3. J. Colloid Interface Sd. 75 373—385 Rung, K.H. McBride, M.B. (1989) Adsorption of para-substituted benzoates on iron oxides. Soil Sd. Soc. Am. J. 53 1673-1678 Rung, K.H. McBride, M.B. (1989a) Coordination complexes of p-hydroxybenzoate on Ee-oxides. Clays Clay Min. 37 333-340 Kuntze, H. (1982) Iron clogging in soils and pipes. Analysis and treatment. DVWK Bull. 10. Parey, Hamburg, Berlin, 123 p. 

Oxidation of phenolic acids by soil iron and manganese oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. 

Parfitt, R.L. Smart, R.S.C. (1977) Infrared spectra from binuclear bridging complexes of sulphate adsorbed on goethite (a-FeOOH). J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I. 73 796-802 Parfitt, R.L. Smart, R.S.C. (1978) The mechanism of sulfate adsorption on iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 42 48-50 Parfitt, R.L. (1980) Chemical properties of variable charge soils. In Theng, B.K. (ed.) Soils with variable charge. N. Z. Soc. Soil Sci., Lower Hutt. N. Z., 167-194 Parfitt, R.L. (1982) Competitive adsorption of phosphate and sulphate on goethite (a-FeOOH) A note. New Zealand J. Sci. 25 147-148... 

Torrent, J. Schwertmann, U. (1987) Influence of hematite on the color of red beds. J. Sediment. Petrology 57 682-686 Torrent, J. (1987) Rapid and slow phosphate sorption by Mediterranean soils effect of iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51 78-82 Torrent, J. (1991) Activation energy of the slow reaction between phosphate and goethites of different morphology. Aust. J. Soil Res. 29 69-74... 

Clays Clay Min. 37 273-279 Vempati, R.K. Loeppert, R.H. Dufner, D.C. Cocke, D.L. (1990) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a tool to differentiate siliconbonding state in amorphous iron oxides. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54 695-698 Vempati, R.K. Morris, R.V. Lauer, H.V Helmke, P.A. (1995) Reflectivity and other physiochemical properties of Mn-substituted goethites and hematites. J. Geophys. Res. 

Wang, M.K Hsu, P.H. (1980) Effects of temperature and iron(III) concentration on the hydrolytic formation ofiron(III) oxyhydrox-ides and oxides. Soil Sd. Soc. Am. J. 44 ... 

The B soil horizon largely consists of clay minerals, iron (oxy)(hydr)oxides, and/or calcite. The C horizon, which is composed of sediments and weathered bedrock, usually occurs below the B. Arsenic in oxidizing soils readily sorbs and/or coprecipitates with iron and other (oxy)(hydr)oxides in B and C horizons (Reynolds, Naylor and Fendorf, 1999 Lund and Fobian, 1991). Below the C is the R horizon, which is unweathered bedrock. 

Bauer, M. and Blodau, C. (2006) Mobilization of arsenic by dissolved organic matter from iron oxides, soils and sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 354(2-3), 179-90. 

Figure 2.17. Infrared spectra of the synthesized FA (MW > 1000 Da) in the Mn(IV) oxide-pyrogallol system and the FA extracted from a Borosaprist (Terric Humisol). Reprinted from Wang, M. C., and Huang, P. M. (2000). Characteristics of pyrogallol-derived polymers formed by catalysis of oxides. Soil Sci. 165, 737-747, with permission from Lippincott Williams Wilkins.

Wang, M. C., and Huang, P. M. (2000a). Characteristics of pyrogallol-derived polymers formed by catalysis of oxides. Soil Sci. 165,737-747. 

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