Software programs capitalization

Of course, these software programs are likely to be used only by large industrial process corporations as the overall control systems (although designed to save operating costs and add value to customers products) can require considerable capital for their purchase and installation. 

The common types of estimates are presented along with the basic relationships for scaling costs with equipment size. The concept of cost inflation is presented, and some common cost indexes are presented. The concept of total fixed capital investment to construct a new process is discussed, and the cost module approach to estimating is given. Finally, the software program (CAPCOST) to evaluate fixed capital costs (and other financial calculations) is described. 

Most of the Mathematica symbols are the same as those used in Excel or various computer programming languages such as BASIC except for the use of a blank space for multiplication. Excel and BASIC use only the asterisk for multiplication. In ordinary formulas, placing two symbols together without a space between them can stand for multiplication. In Mathematica, if you write xy, the software will think you mean a variable called xy, and not the product of x and y. However, you can write either 2x or 2 x for 2 times x, but not x2. It is probably best to use the asterisk ( ) for multiplication rather than a space in input statements. Watch for the use of the blank space in output statements. Complex arithmetic is done automatically, using the capital letter I for. Several constants are available by using symbols Pi, E, I, Infinity, and Degree stand for n,e,i =, oo, and... 

The term hardware applies to the physical units making up the computer system, i.e., the apparatus. In choosing a computer it is generally not too difficult, with the guidance provided by technical specifications and manufacturers tenders, to select the hardware suitable for the intended duties. However, under present conditions, the hardware accounts for less than 50% of the capital expenditure on a process computer system, and this cost proportion is likely to decrease still further in relation to the cost of the software. The latter comprises the technological engineering and, especially, the programs that can be used on the computer system in question. 

---