Software diagnostic tools

In Section 1.5 we briefly discussed the relationships of equality and inequality constraints in the context of independent and dependent variables. Normally in design and control calculations, it is important to eliminate redundant information and equations before any calculations are performed. Modem multivariable optimization software, however, does not require that the user clearly identify independent, dependent, or superfluous variables, or active or redundant constraints. If the number of independent equations is larger than the number of decision variables, the software informs you that no solution exists because the problem is overspecified. Current codes have incorporated diagnostic tools that permit the user to include all possible variables and constraints in the original problem formulation so that you do not necessarily have to eliminate constraints and variables prior to using the software. Keep in mind, however, that the smaller the dimensionality of the problem introduced into the software, the less time it takes to solve the problem. 

The output results from different software packages also differ. We have iiv eluded the most common diagnostics in this book, but it is important to consult the softwasse user s manual to understand any differences that may be encountered, Thee may also be additional diagnostic tools in specific software packages that are not presented in ithis book. The reader is encouraged to take full advantage ofthese additional tools. 

We also discussed the different tools used to service computers as well as the proper way to use them. You learned about the types of hardware tools, including screwdrivers, multimeters, and so forth, and the different types of software tools and diagnostics, like bootable disks, used to aid a technician in servicing a computer. 

A Raman system was designed which can be applied noninvasively to record the depth-concentration profiles of living skin with a resolution of <5 xm (River Diagnostics, Rotterdam, Netherlands). Using laser excitation at 671 and 785nm, a custom-built detection system and software tools, various parameters of the skin can be analyzed. Due to the limited penetration (of typically 20-40 pm), most studies are restricted to the stratum corneum. Applications include the determination of (i) hydration of the skin (ii) composition of the NMF and (iii) the penetration of topically applied materials. This technique can be expected to experience growing use by skin scientists in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and dermatological research fields. 

By changing from preventive to condition-based maintenance - based on the Siemens Nuclear Power GmbH diagnostic and evaluation method ADAM (A maturen-Diagnose und Auswerte-Methode) — the number of valves to be maintained may be reduced considerably. The application of such sophisticated software tool will lead to cost reduction and can also extend the service intervals. 

Vidal, F. P., et al. Principles and Applications of Computer Graphics in Medicine. Computer Graphics Forum 25, no. 1 (2006) 113-137. Excellent review of the state of the art. Discusses software development, diagnostic aids, educational tools, and computer-augmented reality. 

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