Softness, definition

In this work a fuzzy matching procedure is suggested which takes the foregoing uncertainties into account at least in principle. The approach is based on a soft definition of a surface that is defined in terms of membership functions (see Fig. 8) These functions are and, .(r) and they measure to what extent a given space point belongs to the surface and the bulk of a molecule, respectively. The matching of two molecules A and B can then be calculated in many different ways. In a first attempt we used the intersection of two fuzzy sets... 

Cross-linked versions of water-soluble polymers swollen in aqueous media are broadly referred to as hydrogels (52) and have a growing commercial utility in such apphcations as oxygen-permeable soft contact lenses (qv) (53) (Table 4) and controUed-release pharmaceutical dmg deflvery devices (54). Cross-linked PVP and selected copolymers fit this definition and are of interest because of the following stmcture/performance characteristics ... 

Penetration (ASTMD5). This is a commonly used consistency test. It involves the deterrnination of the extent to which a standard needle penetrates a propedy prepared sample of asphalt under definitely specified conditions of temperature, load, and time. The distance that the needle penetrates in units of mm/10 measured from 0 to 300, is the penetration value. Soft asphalts have high penetration values. 

One subtle, but major noise source is the output rectifier. The shape of the reverse recovery characteristic of the rectifiers has a direct affect on the noise generated within the supply. The abruptness or sharpness of the reverse recovery current waveform is often a major source of high-frequency noise. An abrupt recovery diode may need a snubber placed in parallel with it in order to lower its high-frequency spectral characteristics. A snubber will cost the designer in efficiency. Finding a soft recovery rectifier will definitely be an advantage in the design. 

By equating Soft to die exact energy, this expression may be taken as the definition of... 

A distinction between a solid and liquid is often made in terms of the presence of a crystalline or noncrystalline state. Crystals have definite lines of cleavage and an orderly geometric structure. Thus, diamond is crystalline and solid, while glass is not. The hardness of the substance does not determine the physical state. Soft crystals such as sodium metal, naphthalene, and ice are solid while supercooled glycerine or supercooled quartz are not crystalline and are better considered to be supercooled liquids. Intermediate between the solid and liquid are liquid crystals, which have orderly structures in one or two dimensions,4 but not all three. These demonstrate that science is never as simple as we try to make it through our classification schemes. We will see that thermodynamics handles such exceptions with ease. 

Sres is easy to calculate and, since the relevant information resides in the first significant digits, its calculation places no particular demands on the soft- or hardware (cf. Section 3.3) if the definition of r,- in Table 2.1 and Eqs. (1.3a)-(1.3d) is used. 

Facilitate pre-vulcanisation processing, increase softness, extensibility and flexibility of the vulcanised end-product. The rubber processing industry consumes large quantities of materials which have a plasticising function complex mixtures (paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic) of mineral hydrocarbon additives, used with the large tonnage natural and synthetic hydrocarbon rubbers, are termed process oils. Because of the complexity of these products, precise chemical definition is usually not attempted. If the inclusion of an oil results in cost reduction it is functioning as an extender. The term plasticiser is commonly reserved for synthetic liquids used with the polar synthetic rubber. 

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