Sodium periodate INDEX

Bromine (128 g., 0.80 mole) is added dropwise to the well-stirred mixture over a period of 40 minutes (Note 4). After all the bromine has been added, the molten mixture is stirred at 80-85° on a steam bath for 1 hour, or until it solidifies if that happens first (Note 5). The complex is added in portions to a well-stirred mixture of 1.3 1. of cracked ice and 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid in a 2-1. beaker (Note 6). Part of the cold aqueous layer is added to the reaction flask to decompose whatever part of the reaction mixture remains there, and the resulting mixture is added to the beaker. The dark oil that settles out is extracted from the mixture with four 150-ml. portions of ether. The extracts are combined, washed consecutively with 100 ml. of water and 100 ml. of 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and transferred to a short-necked distillation flask. The ether is removed by distillation at atmospheric pressure, and crude 3-bromo-acetophenone is stripped from a few grams of heavy dark residue by distillation at reduced pressure. The colorless distillate is carefully fractionated in a column 20 cm. long and 1.5 cm. in diameter that is filled with Carborundum or Heli-Pak filling. 4 hc combined middle fractions of constant refractive index are taken as 3-l)romoaccto])lu iu)nc weight, 94 -100 g. (70-75%) l).p. 75 76°/0.5 mm. tif 1.57,38 1.5742 m.]). 7 8° (Notes 7 and 8). 

Incidents of several different types have arisen from reactions involving neutralisation of an acid with a base where the exotherm (57.3 kJ/equivalent for strong acid—strong base reactions) has not occurred smoothly over an extended period, but has been sudden in effect for various reasons. Individually indexed neutralisation incidents are f Formaldehyde, Magnesium carbonate hydroxide, 0415 Potassium hydroxide, Acids, 4422 Sodium carbonate, 0549 Sulfuric acid, 4-Methylpyridine, 4473 Sulfuric acid, Diethylamine, 4473 2,4,6-Trichloro-l,3,5-triazine, 2-Ethoxyethanol, 1035 See related UNIT process or unit operation incidents... 

The Ocular ProtectiOTi Index (OPI) was proposed to get a better insight into the uncomfortable condition, dry eye syndrome [32]. To obtain an optimal hydration of the comeal epithebum the ratio between the time period of an intact tear film and the time between two reflex blinks must be greater or equal to 1 (OPI >1). Investigation of tear film stabibty using sodium fluorescein improves the diagnosis of dry eye syndrome when 1-5 microlitres solution is used instead of larger volumes [33]. As a result the certainty of diagnosis is increased. However, the use of small drop volumes has not yet been introduced, as this technique is insufficiently developed. 

The high incidence of sarcomas induced by polysorbate 80, Sodium Patent Blue V and by Sodium Blue VRS is in accord with observations made on the relation between surface activity and the incidence of local sarcomas in long-term injection tests [179,180]. Surface-active food colourings and other additives had been found to produce sarcomas when administered over long periods in concentrated solutions, when the surface tension was below the critical lytic index below which surfactants produce irreversible damage to cells. The physicochemical nature of the toxic action of such surfactants is illustrated by experiments with Sodium Patent Blue V [181] (Fig. 10.22). At 2 % and 3 % levels there was a high incidence of sarcoma induction but at 1 % levels no sarcomas were produced. At 1 % levels the surface tension lowering produces no cell... 

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