Sodium effervescent granules

Bromo-Seltzer Effervescent Granules—sodium bicarbonate, acetaminophen, citric acid, sugar Calcium Rich Rolaids—magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate... 

Citrocarbonate Effervescent Granules—sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate anhydrous Di-Gel Liquid—aluminum hydroxide, simethicone, saccharin, sorbitol, parabens... 

Effervescent granules 325 mg w/2.781 g sodium bicarbonate 2.224 g citric acid/dose measure (ofc) Bromo Se/fzer(Warner-Lambert)... 

Effervescent granules It is a mixture of citric and tartaric acids with sodium... 

The first effervescent preparations were described over two centuries ago in the official compendia they were in powder form for use as cathartic salts. Later, in 1815, a patent described a combination of neutral salt or powder which possesses all the properties of the medicinal spring of Seidlitz in Germany, under the name of Seidlitz Powders, which contains sodium potassium tartarate, sodium bicarbonate, and tartaric acid, in the proportions 3 1 1, respectively (1). Effervescent granules and tablets have become more and more popular as the dosage form because they are readily soluble and easy to consume just by drinking the glass of water where they are dissolved. 

A number of different types of effervescent granules were once official in the B.P.C. but although most of these have been deleted, products of this type are still very popular. The ingredients of principal therapeutic value are mixed with sodium bicarbonate and both tartaric and citric acids sometimes sucrose is added. 

Sodium (mg/tablet or as stated) Analgesics Alka-Seltzer Original Effervescent Tablet (568) Alka-Seltzer Extra Strength Effervescent Tablet (588) Bromo-Seltzer Granules (959/pre-measured packet)... 

Granule, Effervescent A small particle or grain containing a medicinal agent in a dry mixture usually composed of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, and tartaric acid which, when in contact with water, has the capability to release gas, resulting in effervescence. 

As an excipient, potassium bicarbonate is generally used in formulations as a source of carbon dioxide in effervescent preparations, at concentrations of 25-50% w/w. It is of particular use in formulations where sodium bicarbonate is unsuitable, for example, when the presence of sodium ions in a formulation needs to be limited or is undesirable. Potassium bicarbonate is often formulated with citric acid or tartaric acid in effervescent tablets or granules on contact with water, carbon dioxide is released through chemical reaction, and the product disintegrates. On occasion, the presence of potassium bicarbonate alone may be sufficient in tablet formulations, as reaction with gastric acid can be sufficient to cause effervescence and product disintegration. 

Sodium bicarbonate is generally used in pharmaceutical formulations as a source of carbon dioxide in effervescent tablets and granules. It is also widely used to produce or maintain an alkaline pH in a preparation. 

Effervescent tablets are a special group in this category. Processing is identical to compressed tablets except for the addition of sodium carbonate during and citric acid after granulation. 

The topogranulator is used extensively to make effervescent products by liquid addition under vacuum or by the Murry fusion method (6). Murry s method uses liberated moisture from the acid in the mix (i.e., hydrous citric acid) to start the acid-base reaction, which generates more water. Thus, granulating of the sodium bicarbonate-citric acid mixture can be accomplished. The water produced must be removed quickly to reproducibly stop the reaction. The topogranultor, because of its ability to compress the particles into the binding moisture, makes a larger, denser... 

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate are acid salts that have been used in effervescent formulation. They are soluble in water, producing acid solution and react quickly with alkaline sources. They are commercially available either as granules or powder. 

Sodium bicarbonate is the major source of carbon dioxide in effervescent forms and is able to provide a yield of 52% of carbon dioxide. It is commerdally available in five grades according to particle size, from free-flowing uniform granule to fine powder, which are odorless and slightly alkaline in taste. When heated, the bicarbonate is converted into anhydrous sodium carbonate. This reaction is time and temperature dependent. Ninety percent of the conversion is achieved within 75 min at 93°C, but dehydration starts at 50°C, which must be considered as a critical temperature in processing (12). 

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