Sodium dodecyl sulfate, removal

T.-H. Liao. Reversible inactivation of pancreatic deoxyribonuclease A by sodium dodecyl sulfate. Removal of the COOH-terminal residues from the denatured protein by carboxypeptidase A. J. Biol. Chem. 250 3831-3836 (1975). 

Vissers, J. P. C., J. Chervet, J. Salzmann, Sodium dodecyl sulfate removal from tryptic digest samples for on-line capillary LC-electrospray MS, 7. Mass Spec., 1996,31,1021-1027. 

Tailing peaks or longer than expected elution volumes are sometimes caused by low solubility of the protein in the mobile phase. Using a trial-and-error process, select the proper pFf and ionic strength to address this problem. Detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are sometimes helpful but, because they change the conformation of many proteins and are difficult to remove from the column should be used only if other methods fail. 

Columns can be washed with solvents and solvent combinations suitable to remove adsorbed contaminants. When considering the adsorption of analytes, think not only of the diol functionality, but also of the adsorption to residual silanols. Often, the injection of small amounts (500 /d) of dimethyl sulfoxide removes contamination that has accumulated on the column. Aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate, guanidine hydrochloride, or urea are compatible with Protein-Pak columns. 

Removal of general organic fouling is best achieved by alkaline cleaning based on caustic, EDTA, and a surfactant such as sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate. 

In an extensive study by Read et al. [93], 10 anionic surfactants were evaluated for their ability to remove pyritic sulfur and ash from ultrafine Illinois no. 5 coal by flotation processes. The authors observed that of the commercially available surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate was the most effective on either a weight or a molar basis, followed by a linear AOS (average molweight 272) and alkylpolyethoxylated sulfonates. Of the noncommercial surfactants tested, -(E -b-dodecene-b-suIfonate (f0) was the most effective and better than any commercial surfactant on a dosage/recovery basis. 

Increased removal of phenanthrene from soil columns spiked with the rhamnolipid mixture synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 has been demonstrated, and shown to depend both on the increased desorption of the substrate and on partitioning into micelles (Noordman et al. 1998). However, the addition of the biosurfactant from the same strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa UG2 or of sodium dodecyl sulfate had no effect on the rate of biodegradation of anthracene and phenanthrene from a chronically contaminated soil. 

Homogenize 50 g of a prepared sample with a solution containing 50 mL of borate buffer (pH 10) and 50 mL of acetone in a blender for 5 min. Pour the homogenate into an Erlenmeyer flask, add 50 mL of acetone and shake the flask for 10 min using a shaker. Filter the aqueous acetone extract through a 25G-4 glass filter overlaid with 3 g of Celite. Wash the residue on the filter with 50 mL of acetone. Combine the filtrates and remove acetone by rotary evaporation. Transfer the residue with 5 mL of 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution into a separatory funnel, extract the solution with two portions of 50 mL of dichloromethane and collect the organic... 

Haywood and Riley [14] have described a spectrophotometric method for the determination of arsenic in seawater. Adsorption colloid flotation has been employed to separate phosphate and arsenate from seawater [15]. These two anions, in 500 ml filtered seawater, are brought to the surface in less than 5 min, by use of ferric hydroxide (added as 0.1 M FeC 2 ml) as collector, at pH 4, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate [added as 0.05% ethanolic solution (4 ml)] and a stream of nitrogen (15 ml/minutes). The foam is then removed and phosphate and arsenate are determined spectrophotometrically [16]. Recoveries of arsenate and arsenite exceeding 90% were obtained by this procedure. 

To the filtered seawater (500 ml about 1.5 xg U) is added 0.05 M ferric chloride (3 ml), the pH is adjusted to 6.7 0.1 and the uranium present as (U02(C03)3)4- is adsorbed on the colloidal ferric hydroxide which is floated to the surface as a stable froth by the addition of 0.05% ethanolic sodium dodecyl sulfate (2 ml) with an air-flow (about 10 ml min-1) through the mixture for 5 min. The froth is removed and dissolved in 12 M hydrochloric acid-16 M nitric acid (4 1) and the uranium is salted out with a solution of calcium nitrate containing EDTA, and determined spectrophotometrically at 555 nm by a modification of a Rhodamine B method. The average recovery of uranium is 82% co-adsorbed WO4- and M0O4- do not interfere. 

Other workers used 0.1 m acetic acid for gluten separation then changed to dilute hydrochloric acid followed by neutralisation with sodium hydroxide.8 Byers et al. used 50% propan-l-ol in preference to 70% ethanol.9 Methods based on extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) have been developed by Danno10 as well as Graveland et al.11,12 Sonication of the SDS extract was introduced by Singh et al.13,14 Burnouf et al. introduced the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to remove monomeric proteins and a few small gliadins.15... 

Dong M, Baggetto LG, Folson P, LeMaire M, Penin F. Complete removal and exchange of sodium dodecyl sulfate bound to soluble and membrane proteins and restoration of their activities, using ceramic hydroxyapatite chromatography. Anal Biochem 1997 247 333-341. 

Chen [8] studied mixtures of the pure surfactants Ci2(EO)4 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 30 °C. At this temperature the former is a liquid which does not dissolve in water (see Fig. 3), and the latter is a solid. The SDS was doubly recrystallized from ethanol to remove n-dodecanol and other impurities. The solubility of SDS in pure Ci2(EO)4 at 30 °C was found to be approximately 9 wt. %. When small drops of an 8 wt. % mixture were injected into water at 30 °C, complete dissolution was observed, the time required being a linear function of the square root of initial drop radius. For instance, a drop having an initial radius of 70 (xm required approximately 100 s to dissolve, significantly more than the 16 s cited above for a slightly larger drop of pure Ci2(EO)6. Behavior was similar to that of nonionic mixtures below their cloud points discussed previously in that most of the drop dissolved rapidly, but the final small volume dissolved rather slowly with some observable emulsification. 

The protein used was crystalline bovine serum albumin (BSA) obtained from Armour Laboratories. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was synthesized from pure dodecyl alcohol and chlorosulfonic acid, recrystallized, and washed with ethyl ether. Sulfuric acid was reagent grade purchased from the J. T. Baker Chemical Co. and used directly. Reagent grade potassium hydroxide purchased from the Mallinkrodt Co. was purified by foaming a concentrated solution, removing the foam, and using the solution directly. 

Hager, D. A. and Burgess, R. R. (1980) Elution of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and renaturation of enzymatic activity results with sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, wheat germ DNA topoisomerase, and other enzymes. Anal Biochem 109, 76-86. 

Azofluorene formation was decreased if the reacting mixture contained DNA. Two other products decreased by the presence of DNA was a band (Rf 0.31) II which turned brown-green within several hours of running the plate and a band (Rf 0.48) I which turned blue-green after running the plate. Ascorbate was needed to be added to the reaction mixture before extraction to observe band I. This suggests that I unlike II is fully oxidised in the reaction mixture. Oxidation of both products by H202 and peroxidase resulted in the rapid formation of the same transient blue intermediate as was observed with aminofluorene. Product I however bound much more rapidly to DNA than Product II and unlike Product II could not be removed from the DNA by extraction with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Product II showed... 

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