Smoke and flash point

The smoke point is the temperature at which a fat or oil produces a continuous wisp of smoke. This provides a useful indicator of its suitability for frying and 200°C is often specified as the minimum by regulations (Table 4.13). 

The flash point defines the temperature at which the decomposition products formed in heated frying oils can be ignited. This temperature ranges from 275-330°C for different oils and fats (Table 4.13). An increase in the content of 

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This analysis measures the amount of free acid, and is used to reflect the level of FFA in the sample. Free fatty acids are significant for the quality of the oil because they increase the oil s susceptibility to oxidation, can contribute bitter/soapy flavors, and can cause a decrease in the oil s smoke and flash points. 

Smoke Point. As oils or fats are heated, a thin bluish smoke appears. The smoke point is the lowest temperature, under controlled conditions, that the smoke becomes visible. Cottonseed oil s smoke, fire, and flash points, like other fats and oils, are almost entirely dependent on the free fatty acid content. Fats and oils smoke point results decrease when the triglycerides are split during hydrolysis to form free fatty acids and glycerol. The glycerol portion decomposes to form acrolein, which is the major portion of the smoke evolved from heated fats and oils. Like other long-chain fatty acid oils, cottonseed oil with 0.01% free fatty acid will have a smoke point of approximately 450°F. Additions of monoglycerides... 

The smoke, fire, and flash points of a fatty material are measures of its thermal stability when heated in... 

Smoke, Flash, and Fire Points. These thermal properties may be determined under standard test conditions (57). The smoke poiat is defined as the temperature at which smoke begias to evolve continuously from the sample. Flash poiat is the temperature at which a flash is observed whea a test flame is appHed. The fire poiat is defiaed as the temperature at which the fire coatiaues to bum. These values are profouadly affected by minor coastitueats ia the oil, such as fatty acids, moao- and diglycerides, and residual solvents. These factors are of commercial importance where fats or oils are used at high temperatures such as ia lubricants or edible frying fats. 

Specifications for gas turbine fuels prescribe test limits that must be met by the refiner who manufactures fuel however, it is customary for fuel users to define quality control limits for fuel at the point of delivery or of custody transfer. These limits must be met by third parties who distribute and handle fuels on or near the airport. Tests on receipt at airport depots include appearance, distfllation, flash point (or vapor pressure), density, freezing point, smoke point, corrosion, existing gum, water reaction, and water separation. Tests on delivery to the aircraft include appearance, particulates, membrane color, free water, and electrical conductivity. 

Fire Hazards - Flash Point (deg. F) 95 CC Flammable Limits in Air (%).- 0.8 (LEL) Fire Extinguishing Agents Foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to be Used Water may be ineffective Special Hazards cf Combustion Products Not pertinent Behavior in Fire Forms heavy black smoke and soot Ignition Temperature (deg. F) 488 Electrical Hazard Not pertinent Burning Rate 2.4 mm/min. 

Other important properties include Hash point, volatility, viscosity, specific gravity, cloud point, pour point, and smoke point. Most of these properties are related directly to the boiling range of the kerosene and are not independently variable. The flash point, an index of fire hazard, measures the readiness of a fuel to ignite when exposed to a flame. It is usually mandated by law or government regulation to be 120° or 130° F (48° or 72° C), Volatility, as measured... 

Kerosene or sometimes referred to as Fuel Oil 1 is a refined petroleum distillate. Kerosenes usually have flash points within the range of 37.8 °C to 54.4 °C (100 °F to 130 °F). Therefore unless heated, kerosene will usually not produce ignitable mixtures over its surface. In atmospheric burning smoke production normally occurs. It is commonly used as a fuel and a solvent. In some applications it is treated with sulfuric acid to reduce the content of aromatics, which bum with a smoky flame. 

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