Smog control

Catalytic converters are basically smog control devices on newer automobiles. Catalytic converters have an oxidation catalyst that oxidizes CO and hydrocarbons to CO2 and H2O. It may also have a reduction catalyst that reduces NO to N2. The catalysts involved with these processes are generally platinum or palladium metal operating at relatively high temperature. 

The fuel used is just water. The inverter should be 750 watts or larger. I m not sure about your donor car. Does it have a computer or smog controls on it This stuff is not needed. You will need - A manual fuel pump on the engine. This helps heat the water some. A carburettor that allows the jets to be changed - they need to be larger. A points-style of distributor helps but any type will work provided that it is not computer controlled. I had a Fiat 600D years ago, it was a 1962 model. It would have been a good donor car. 

Biocatalytic desulfurization of diesel fuel Sulfur recovery using oxygen-enriched air California smog control Zero emissions from a THF plant Volatile organic compound (VOC) abatement—thermal incineration, catalytic incineration, or adsorption, for ozone control... 

Fhotochemical smog is a complex mixture of components in which both nitrogen oxides and ozone play important roles. Smog components are nerated mainly in automobile engines, and smog control consists largely of controlling auto emissions. 

Next, the exhaust gases are passed through an oxidation catalyst to oxidize the remaining hydrocarbons and CO to CO2 and H2O. Future smog-control measures may include the use of alternative fuels, such as methanol or hydrogen, and the development of electric-powered automobiles. 

An interesting reaction is the oxidation of CO to CO2 and the reduction of NO to N2 in automotive exhaust gases as a smog-control measure. Figure 20-18 shows how this reaction is thought to occur on the surface of rhodium metal in a catalytic converter. In general, the reaction profile for a surface-catalyzed reaction resembles that shown in Figure 20-19. 

Benefits depend upon location. There is reason to beheve that the ratio of hydrocarbon emissions to NO has an influence on the degree of benefit from methanol substitution in reducing the formation of photochemical smog (69). Additionally, continued testing on methanol vehicles, particularly on vehicles which have accumulated a considerable number of miles, may show that some of the assumptions made in the Carnegie Mellon assessment are not vahd. Air quaUty benefits of methanol also depend on good catalyst performance, especially in controlling formaldehyde, over the entire useful life of the vehicle. 

Fig. 8-3. Relationship between Los Angeles Basin s urban sources of photochemical smog and the San Bernardino Mountains, where ozone damage has occurred to the ponderosa pines. The solid lines are the average daily 1-hr maximum dose of ozone (ppm), )uly-September 1975-1977. Source Adapted from Davidson, A., Ozone trends in the south coast air basin of California, in "Ozone/Oxidants Interaction with the Total Environment.". A ir Pollution Control Association, Pittsburgh, 1979, pp. 433-450.

Research dating back to the mid 1950 s has shown that volatile orgamc compounds (VOC s) photochemically react m the atmosphere and contribute to the formation of ground level ozone, a precursor to smog [1]. Medical studies have shown that human exposure to ozone can result in eye and smus tract irritation, and can lead to respiratory related illnesses [2]. Due to the unique and severe smog problems that affected many cities in the state of California, studies of the causes of ah pollution were initiated m the 1950 s [3]. Based on its findings, California formed the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board m 1960 to regulate pollution from automobiles. 

Acrolein enters the environment as a result of normal metabolic processes incomplete combustion of coal, wood, plastics, tobacco, and oil fuels and industrial emissions. Acrolein has been detected in smog, foods, and water. It is used extensively in chemical manufacture, for control of fouling organisms, and as an herbicide to control submerged weeds in irrigation canals. 

Nitric acid synthesis, platinum-group metal catalysts in, 19 621 Nitric acid wet spinning process, 11 189 Nitric oxide (NO), 13 791-792. See also Nitrogen oxides (NOJ affinity for ruthenium, 19 638—639 air pollutant, 1 789, 796 cardioprotection role, 5 188 catalyst poison, 5 257t chemistry of, 13 443—444 control of, 26 691—692 effect on ozone depletion, 17 785 mechanism of action in muscle cells, 5 109, 112-113 oxidation of, 17 181 in photochemical smog, 1 789, 790 reduction with catalytic aerogels, l 763t, 764... 

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