Smear point

In practice, sometimes it is advantageous to slit-smear point-focus data before analysis. The reason is that sometimes an expansion of point-focus data... 

Binder Absorption, Smear Point, and Yield Point [1.78]. Smear point and yield point are used to determine the binder needed to formulate a suitable millbase for grinding by dissolvers, roll mills, ball mills, attritors, sand mills, and pearl mills. The amount of binder is given in volume or mass units. Apparatus rough glass plate, spatula with steel blade. 

Binder Absorption, Smear Point, and Yield Point... 

Some general points are the following. One precondition for a vertical step in an isotherm is presumably that the surface be sufficiently uniform that the transition does not occur at different pressures on different portions, with a resulting smearing out of the step feature. It is partly on this basis that graphitized carbon, BN, MgO, and certain other adsorbents have been considered to have rather uniform surfaces. Sharp LEED patterns are another indication. 

Step 11. At this point a computer program refines the atomic parameters of the atoms that were assigned labels. The atomic parameters consist of the three position parameters x,j, and for each atom. Also one or six atomic displacement parameters that describe how the atom is "smeared" (due to thermal motion or disorder) are refined for each atom. The atomic parameters are varied so that the calculated reflection intensities are made to be as nearly equal as possible to the observed intensities. During this process, estimated phase angles are obtained for all of the reflections whose intensities were measured. A new three-dimensional electron density map is calculated using these calculated phase angles and the observed intensities. There is less false detail in this map than in the first map. 

A drawback of the Lagrangean artificial-viscosity method is that, if sufficient artificial viscosity is added to produce an oscillation-free distribution, the solution becomes fairly inaccurate because wave amplitudes are damped, and sharp discontinuities are smeared over an increasing number of grid points during computation. To overcome these deficiencies a variety of new methods have been developed since 1970. Flux-corrected transport (FCT) is a popular exponent in this area of development in computational fluid dynamics. FCT is generally applicable to finite difference schemes to solve continuity equations, and, according to Boris and Book (1976), its principles may be represented as follows. 

Of course, nowadays, as every student of chemistry and physics knows, electron orbits have been replaced by orbitals that are supposed to be smeared out in space. But this view misses the point somewhat and is not the whole lesson from quantum mechanics. The more radical lesson is that even these probability-based orbitals simply do not exist. The notion of assigning four quantum numbers to each electron is just an approximation, albeit a powerful one. 

In most instances, the primary healdi care provider performs periodic examinations, for example, laboratory tests, a pelvic examination, or a Fhp smear. The patient is encouraged to keep all appointments for follow-up evaluation of therapy. The nurse includes several points in a teaching plan. 

Wave-like properties cause electrons to be smeared out rather than localized at an exact position. This smeared-out distribution can be described using the notion of electron density Where electrons are most likely to be found, there is high electron density. Low electron density correlates with regions where electrons are least likely to be found. Each electron, rather than being a point charge, is a three-dimensional particle-wave that is distributed over space in... 

Often, the concept of (two-dimensional) surface or (three-dimensional) space charge is employed. Here it is assumed that the charge is distributed in a continuous fashion (smeared out) over the surface S or volume V. Surface and space charge can be described in terms of surface-charge density = dQldS or space-charge density Qy = dQldV, which may either be constant or vary between points. 

The ionic atmosphere has a blurred (diffuse) structure. Because of thermal motion, one cannot attribute precise locations to its ions relative to the central ion one can only dehne a probability to find them at a certain point or define a time-average ionic concentration at that point (the charge of the ionic atmosphere is smeared out around the centraf ion). In DH theory, the interaction of the central ion with specific (discrete) neighboring ions is replaced by its interaction with the ionic atmosphere (i.e., with a continuum). 

Cosine smearing. Because instrument volume and experiment time must both be minimized for a planetary Mossbauer spectrometer, it is desirable in backscatter geometry to illuminate as much of the sample as possible with source radiation. However, this requirement at some point compromises the quality of the Mossbauer spectrum because of an effect known as cosine smearing [327, 348, 349] (see also Sects. 3.1.8 and 3.3). The effect on the Mossbauer spectrum is to increase the linewidth of Mossbauer peaks (which lowers the resolution) and shift their centers outward (affects the values of Mossbauer parameters). Therefore, the diameter of the source y-ray beam incident on the sample, which is determined by a... 

Smearing. Because scattering is emanating from every point of the irradiated volume, the recorded scattering pattern is smeared by the shape of the effective cross-section of the primary beam measured in the detector plane. In terms of mathematics this smearing is accomplished by convolution (Eq. (2.17)) with the primary beam profile. 

The so-called Lupolen standard 25 is a well-known secondary standard in the field of SAXS. In conjunction with the Kratky camera it is easily used, because its slit-smeared intensity J(s) /V is constant over a fairly wide range, and this level is chosen as the calibration constant. In point-focus setups the SAXS of the Lupolen standard neither shows a constant intensity region, nor is the reported calibration constant of any use. 

If the smeared image of a point-reflection on the meridian is unimodal, the orientation distribution g(texture measurement through the reflection, I((p,s = c) contains the information sought-after [256]... 

Contribution of pairing fluctuations to the specific heat in the hadron shell is minor for the case of the neutron pairing due to a small value of Tc < IMeV compared to the value of the neutron chemical potential f//, > 50 MeV). Therefore in the neutron channel fluctuations of the gap are relevant only in a very narrow vicinity of the critical point. However this effect might be not so small for protons, for which the chemical potential is of the order of several MeV, whereas the gap is of the order of one MeV. Therefore it seems that fluctuations may smear the phase transition in a rather broad vicinity of the critical point of the proton superconductivity. 

This corresponds to titrating citric acid with NaOH. The titration curve is very nearly linear from pH 2.2 to about pH 5.5 with a slope of 3.60. The effects of the three functional buffer groups of citric acid are smeared so that no S-shape or inflection points are apparent. 

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