Small polym » pigment

Colorants impart a specific color to a polymer they may be added in the form of dyes or pigments. The molecules in a dye actually dissolve in the polymer. Pigments are filler materials that do not dissolve but remain as a separate phase normally, they have a small particle size and a refractive index near that of the parent polymer. Others may impart opacity as well as color to the polymer. 

Aqueous polymer dispersions are important raw materials used in a variety of industrial processes. They consist of very small polymer particles dispersed in water and appear as milky fluids. When finally processed and providing the function for which they were selected, they are barely visible. Polymer dispersions are used to protect metal, wood, and leather against water and microorganisms, and are used as binders for pigments, fillers, and fibers and to finish the surfaces of metal, wood or paper. Protecting, binding, and finishing are the essential effects achieved by use of polymer dispersions. 

Stabilizers, pigments, and other additives are milled in spinning solvent, normally along with small amounts of the urethane polymer to improve dispersion stabiUty this dispersion is then blended to the desired concentration with polymer solution after chain extension. Most producers combine prepolymerization, chain extension, and additive addition and blending into a single integrated continuous production line. 

Mascaramatic mascaras have the largest share of the market. Emulsion mascaramatics are cream-type mascaras dispensed from containers that include a closure provided with a wand ending in a small bmsh. In solvent mascaramatics, mascara masses are pigment suspensions in thickened hydrocarbon solvents such as isoparaffins and petroleum distillates. The thickeners include waxes (microcrystalline [63231 -60-7] camauba [8015-86-9] or ouricury [68917-70-4], polymers (hydrogenated polyisobutene [61693-08-1]), and esters (propylene glycol distearate [6182-11-2] or trilaurin [538-24-9]). 

In a batch process, all the reagents are added at the beginning of the reaction. As the reaction proceeds, the compositions change with time. The reaction is stopped and the product is withdrawn when the required conversion has been reached. Batch processes are suitable for small-scale production and for processes that use the same equipment to make a range of different products or grades. Examples include pigments, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and polymers. 

The precursors of thermosetting polymers are usually one of the ingredients of complex formulations. They may be present in very small amounts, as in the manufacture of abrasive disks where the thermoset acts as an aggluti-nant in medium amounts, as in the case of filler-reinforced thermosets or as the only components, in formulations used for encapsulation purposes. Apart from fillers, fibers, pigments, etc., some formulations contain rubber or thermoplastic modifiers that phase-separate upon the polymerization reaction (cure). 

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