Small molecule detection

Relatively little work has been done towards the specific (i.e., receptor-mediated) detection of small molecules with PSi sensors, although considerable effort has been exerted on non-specific small molecule detection (for example, bulk effects... 

A wide variety of commercial LFIA kits for the detection of antibiotic residues is available and the most well-characterised of these are summarized in Table 5.4, including the rapid one-step assay (ROSA) range from Charm Sciences Inc., and the Tetrasensor, Twinsensor, Trisensor, and Sulfasensor from Unisensor SA and the Betastar from Neogen Corporation. Other LFIA assays have been reported in the scientific literature for the detection of antimicrobial residues, including a lateral-flow device for nicarbazin detection in animal feedstuffs. However, at present these are not commercially available. These LFIA tests incorporate either a receptor protein or an antibody as the specific capture molecule and operate in the competitive assay format (most applicable for small-molecule detection). The sample preparation protocols are based on either direct analysis of the liquid sample (e.g., milk) or a simple extraction step for solid or complex matrices using buffer(s) supplied in the test kit. In general, the time required to perform these tests is less than 30 min with only basic laboratory equipment, if any, required. 

Small-molecule detection or sensing via an enzymatic reaction... 

Porous Silicon Waveguides for Small Molecule Detection... 

Another construction procedure of Fc-labeled structure-switching signaling aptamer as a sohd-state ECL sensing platform for detection of adenosine provided a promising method for aptamer-based small-molecule detection due to its simplicity, rapidity, low cost, and excellent response characteristics [155]. 

Here we describe two types of label-free electrochemical aptasensors for small molecule detection based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) amplification (13,14). These sensors are designed with either signal-off or signal-on modes, respectively (see Fig. 1). 

Binding assays for small molecules detection 3 Effective optical thickness (EOT) 3-4 Moderate-size biomolecules, detection and recognition 4 Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) 4 Photoluminescence-based transducers 2 PSi nanostructures-sensing concept 3-4 Reflectance-based transducers 2 Sensing of complex samples 5... 

Tandem mass spectrometry is utilized to monitor the transition from the precursor to selected product ions to provide sensitivity and specificity for small molecule detection (33) (for a review, see (34)). Images for larger molecule distribution, including peptides and proteins, can be measured to correlate drug distribution and therapeutic response within the same tissue. 

Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization is a laser-induced ionization method developed in parallel to the more well-known matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) method. Using inorganic materials as energy-mediating media, it has been exploited as a possible alternative to MALDI, especially in small molecule detection (1—4). The most successful SALDI substrate was reported by Siuzdak and coworkers, in which a silicon surface of mesoporous features was used, commonly termed as... 

Ruta J, Perrier S, Ravelet C et al (2009) Noncompetitive fluorescence polarization aptamer-based assay for small molecule detection. Anal Chem 81 7468-7473... 

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