Small and Fast

Shorter columns and faster temperature programming causes some loss in resolution, but this is partially offset by the smaller internal diameter and thinner liquid film. 

There are small portable GCs available from a number of manufacturers. There are limited applications, with isothermal ovens, but they perform well for specific applications. [See C. Henry, Taking the Show on the Road. Portable GC and GC/MS (Product Review), Anal. Chem., 69(5) (1997) 195A]. 

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I think of Lionel, running small and fast and strong down a rugby pitch sitting in the Chantry kitchen in his brand-new City... 

BPD is a contract research facility, which started operations in 1996. From the storage of frozen materials, the customized laboratory services to the consulting in process development and scaling up, BPD has been accumulating useful experiences in the biotechnological scenario. Very flexible set of fermenters are used to satisfy customer needs, through very small and fast adaptation and modifications. Bioreactors productivity varies from 100 mg to 1000 mg scale. 

Both routes have their limitations. The basic theory of complex structures, which are encountered with macromolecules, often does not allow analytic solutions. Incisive, though reasonable, approximations have to be introduced. On the other hand, rigorous simulations can be made by means of molecular dynamics, but this technique has the limitation that only rather small and fast moving objects can be treated within a reasonable time, even with the fastest computers presently available. This minute scale gives valuable information on the local structure and local dynamics, but no reliable predictions of the macro-molecular properties can be made by this technique. All other simulations have to start with some basic assumptions. These in turn are backed by results obtained from basic theories. Hence both approaches are complementary and are needed when constructing a reliable framework for macromolecules that reflects the desired relation to the materials properties. 

Time scale for observation The response of the acoustic effect is limited by the acoustic propagation between the fringe distance and that time constant is rac = A/v. Therefore, in 0 < t rac, the density contribution is small and fast response of the population grating can be easily observed (although the Temp.G signal could contribute to the signal even in this time scale). In principle, even rather slow dynamics of the population, which is not disturbed by the thermal... 

Knowing all feasible localizations during assignment allows a small and fast optimization feedback loop in the assignment task itself, A tradeoff between the cost of non-matched throughput or a bad localization can then be made for a number of projection vector alternatives. 

The EEG signal contains various rhythmic wave patterns. Some are large and slow some are small and fast. Five waves are observed from the human brain Delta, Theta,... 

For example, the alkaline hydrolysis of bromoethane can be followed using conductivity measurements. As this reaction proceeds, the small and fast moving hydroxide ions are consumed and replaced by slower moving bromide ions. Therefore, the electrical conductivity decreases as the reaction proceeds. 

For synthesis tools, the above developments turn the principles of effective and efficient synthesis upside down. Previously, s)mthesis tools concentrated on the design of small and fast blocks of logic, which are connected together via wires. In contrast, future s)mthesis tools are likely to need to construct small and fast blocks of interconnection and attach blocks of logic to these networks. Conceptually, this introduces the issues of physical location as a design parameter, whereas previously synthesis was concerned almost primarily with logic minimization and critical path reduction. 

PoeMein, G.W. (1997) Reaction engineering for emulsion polymerization. In J.M. Asua (ed), Polymeric Dispersions Principles and Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, p. 305. Popovici, S.T. (2004) Towards Small and Fast Size-Exdusion Chromatography. Ph.D. thesis. University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam. 

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