Small and capital letters

Jacobus van t Hoff was a Dutch scientist (1852-1911). Notice the peculiar arrangement of the apostrophe, and small and capital letters in his surname. 

Frisch, Mallows, and Bovey (44), and later Chujo, Kamei, and Nishioka (107) examined the same class of polymers and pointed out the existence of two series of three-center sequences that are intrinsically different, one centered on substituent A, 62, the other on B, 63 (Scheme 13). They were distinguished by different symbols, for example, by small and capital letters (108). Six three-center stereosequences and 20 five-center sequences are possible, due to the... 

There are two matrices available at the time of writing (it is expected that this number will increase). It is important to note that the EDNAFULL matrix coming from the EMBOSS program package does not make difference between the small and capital letters although they have different meaning in the DoOP consensus sequences (for explanation see http //doop.abc.hu/details.html). 

We will use the flow rate ratio between big and small scale, R, as a scaling parameter and small and capital letters for the various variables ... 

The system does not distinguish between small and capital letters. Search terms that are misunderstandable should be entered with spaces as in the case of Co and CO. The MF field is phrase-indexed and proximity operators are not allowed for searching. 

In column I, by convention small letters are representations for electron orbital symmetries and capital letters for molecular symmetries. These four distinct behaviour patterns are called symmetry species. Thus symmetries of oxygen atomic orbitals are... 

Electronic states of an atom or a molecule are obtained by considering the properties of all the electrons in all the orbitals. The properties of the electrons in the unfilled shells are the main contributors. It is useful to classify electronic states in terms of their symmetry properties as defined by the group operations pertinent to that particular molecular species. Mulliken s terminology is based on the following rules (small letters are used for one electron orbitals and capital letters for molecular states) ... 

Figure 1 shows the basic diagram of this single pulse excitation method. In the figure, small letters represent the transfer functions in time domain and capital letters represent the frequency transfer function. As shown in Fig. 1, the observed function x(t) may be described as the following convolution chain ... 

This coefficient is known as a Clebsch-Gordan (CG) coupling coefficient and denoted by the 3F bracket (T ay a/lpfclT K). It indicates how the orbital irreps TL and Fb have to be combined to yield a product ket that transforms as Fy). The CG-coefficients can be determined by using projection operators. The results are listed in Appendix F. It is often possible to obtain these results by a simpler procedure. We illustrate this for the components of the T g two-electron state, obtained in Eq. (6.9). The z-component of this state is the only component that is totally symmetric imder the C4 splitting field. It is clear that this symmetry can be obtained only by multiplying the egc) and ) components, since these are both antisymmetric and thus will form a symmetric product. From here on we will adopt for the product functions the usual notation of small letters for the orbitals and capital letters for the coupled states. Hence ... 

We are using, with Mulliken, lower case letters for denoting the quantum numbers of orbitals and capital letters for quantum numbers of the more-electron systems. The type of these quantum numbers depends on the symmetry of the nuclear distribution of the system considered. The case of atomic spectroscopy is thus approximated by the highest symmetry possible—the spherical symmetry around a single, very, very small, nucleus. 

The small capital letter prefix refers to configuration, related to n glyceraldehyde, and not to the direction of optical rotation. The sign of optical rotation is expressed as (+) and (—) or as d and I or by the words dextro and Uuvo. Th is we have n.( —)-fructose and ,-(+).arabinose. 

Microscopy is an unusual scientific discipline, involving as it does a wide variety of microscopes and techniques. All have in common the abiUty to image and enlarge tiny objects to macroscopic size for study, comparison, evaluation, and identification. Few industries or research laboratories can afford to ignore microscopy, although each may use only a small fraction of the various types. Microscopy review articles appear every two years m. Jinalytical Chemistty (1,2). Whereas the style of the Enclyclopedia employs lower case abbreviations for analytical techniques and instmments, eg, sem for scanning electron microscope, in this article capital letters will be used, eg, SEM. 

The corresponding hydrocarbons obtained from Z-fenchone were termed by Wallach L-(Z-fenchene and L-Z-fenchene, the capital letter being used to indicate the rotation of the parent fenchone, and the small letter that of the terpene. 

In order to distinguish between symmetry species of the free molecule and of the crystal we have chosen capital letters for the species in case of the molecule and small letters for those of the crystal... 

Keep in mind that in MATLAB, variables are case sensitive. Small letter x and capital X are two different variables. 

In general, variables are expressed by italics, vectors by bold small letters, and matrices by bold capital letters. 

Fig. 3. Alignment of poly(HA) depolymerase catalytic active amino acids. Amino acids of the catalytic triad and the conserved histidine residue of the putative oxyanion are shown in bold letters. The positions (pos.) of respective amino acids of mature depolymerase proteins are indicated. Amino acids conserved in all poly(HASCL) depolymerases are indicated in capital letters, those which have been conserved in ten or more proteins are marked by low letters in the consensus sequence. indicates amino acids with hydrophobic side chains + indicates amino acids with a small side chain...

Ti, T Irreducible representation, denoted in the text and in the tables by small letters if referring to M.O.s of the parent molecule and by capital letters if referring to many-electron states of the + 1 ions. 

Different types of sites exist. Those occupied with luminescent dye molecules are marked with small letters. Capital letters are reserved for traps that may or may not be luminescent. Per crystal, the number of sites available for dye molecules is imax and the number of sites available for traps is /lnax Equivalent v-sites have the same geometrical properties. Dye molecules in equivalent sites i are assumed to be equivalent. The same is valid for traps. 

---