Field splitting

Sample and scale image adjust. You use this knob to adjust the optics such that you see a split field in the eyepiece. The refractive index scale also moves when you turn this knob. The knob is often a dual control use the outer knob for a coarse adjustment and the inner knob as a fine adjustment. 

Fig. 2. Aspect of half-shade fields. Top diagram shows conventional split fields with (2) at the balance point. Bottom diagrams show special field configurations when at the off-balance point...

Everyone involved with these various proposals realizes the urgent need for a more modern system than that currently in use. The use of the comparison microscope, and the direct optical comparison in split-field observation of each and every separate piece of evidence is a tremendously time-consuming process. It also requires the physical presence of all evidence and test specimens. The circulation of evidence specimens for comparison with evidence or tests on file in other cities is also a very costly and time-consuming process, not to mention the problems that can arise in maintaining the continuity in the chain of possession of evidence. Presently, each comparison requires a manual search through the ballistics evidence files. This requires time, personnel, and a great deal of space devoted to the storage of evidence files. 

The split-field forms of time-dependent Maxwell s equations along the -direction are... 

For the 3-D case, the study yields more complicated expressions. Thus, for reasons of brevity, only one of the twelve split-field PML subcomponents will be provided here. The remaining update equations can be then likewise extracted. For illustrative purposes, the electric field Exy subcomponent is given by... 

In its simplest form, colorimetry consists of visual matching of the color of the sample with that of a series of standards. A colored compound is first formed by suitably reacting the constituent to be determined, then the colored solutions are racked side-by-side in Nessler tubes for viewing from the top. The approximate concentration of the unknown is estimated by finding which standard most closely matches the unknown in color. Visual colorimetry suffers from poor precision since the eye is not as sensitive to small differences in absorbance as is a photoelectric device. The use of a Duboscq colorimeter constitutes a more refined method of analysis for color comparison. This is equipped with an eyepiece with a split field that permits the ready comparison of beams passing through sample and standard. 

The optical method of observing a cut surface by reflected light is currently being standardized by ISO [81]. It includes the compari.son against standard photographs using the split field technique first described by Persson (Fig. 2). 

Here, r ) is recognized as a totally symmetric eigenfunction, and it is uniquely defined by this eigenvalue since the other eigenvalues are i. The splitting field is thus operating only partially nonetheless, it uniquely picks the z-component. Then the C3 axis is a perfect ladder operator, effecting a cyclic permutation of z to x, and further to y. 

Construct a splitting field and ladder operators for the canonical components of the icosahedral irreps in Appendix D. 

This coefficient is known as a Clebsch-Gordan (CG) coupling coefficient and denoted by the 3F bracket (T ay a/lpfclT K). It indicates how the orbital irreps TL and Fb have to be combined to yield a product ket that transforms as Fy). The CG-coefficients can be determined by using projection operators. The results are listed in Appendix F. It is often possible to obtain these results by a simpler procedure. We illustrate this for the components of the T g two-electron state, obtained in Eq. (6.9). The z-component of this state is the only component that is totally symmetric imder the C4 splitting field. It is clear that this symmetry can be obtained only by multiplying the egc) and ) components, since these are both antisymmetric and thus will form a symmetric product. From here on we will adopt for the product functions the usual notation of small letters for the orbitals and capital letters for the coupled states. Hence ... 

Selectivity on the subrepresentations subrepresentations that are defined in a splitting field must obey the triangular conditions for the subduced irreps in the corresponding subgroup. 

For the G irrep, it is noted from Sect. C.l that a tetrahedral splitting field will branch G into A - - T. It thus acts as a splitting held to isolate the unique Ga component. Symmetry adaptation to will yield two totally symmetric components, one of which will be the Ga already obtained the remaining one is... 

On the exit side of the 48D48, a split field clamp design in which the flux returns back to the yoke will be used. This design leaves a large open region above and below the beam line which allows room for the deflected K beam to exit near the bottom of the magnet gap, and has minimal interference with the back drift chambers near the top of the magnet gap. 

A split-field drift tube for separation and efficient fragmentationofbiomolecularions.Ana/. Chem. 2003, 75, 6202 208. 

Koeniger, S. L. Valentine, S. J. Myung, S. Plasencia, M. Lee, Y. J. Clemmer, D. E. Development of field modulation in a split-field drift tube for high-throughput multidimensional separations. J. Proteome Res. 2005, 4, 25-35. 

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