Sitophilus beetles

The temperature at which an insect has been reared or maintained for considerable time before treatment may affect its susceptibility to insecticides. The susceptibility of the beetles Tribolitim confnsum and Sitophilus granarins to the fumigant carbon disulfide is decreased with the rearing temperature when they were reared at 25,30, and 35°C. Tolerance of DDT was greatest in American cockroaches preconditioned at the lower temperature when they were kept at different temperatures ranging from 17°C to 32°C. In this case, it was proposed that at the lower temperature, lipids tend to be more unsaturated,... 

Several clues indicate the presence of insect infestation in stored foods (Table IV). The presence of eggs of pulse beetles such as Callosobruchus spp. can be easily seen in infested pulses with the naked eye. Similarly, the exit holes of internal infesters such as Sitophilus spp., R. dominica, Proste-phanus truncatus, and S. cerealella are clearly visible in infested food grains. In the case of khapra beetle (T. granarium) infestation, the exuviae of the larvae are indicators of the presence of the pest. Infestation by moth pests including E. cautella, Plodia interpunctella, and Corcyra cephalonica is... 

Evaluation of spinosyns as a protectant for stored grains has also been reviewed [11]. Excellent control of Lesser grain borer Rhyzopertha dominica (E.) [12-14], Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctata), and other grain beetle pests (e.g., Tribo-lium, Cryptolestes, Sitophilus, Oryzaephilus, Prostephanus) has been demonstrated... 

R. officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) can be found in the Mediterranean area. The used parts are the fresh owering tops. The essential oil can be used as antipest due to its effect on beetles, caterpillar larvae, and many other insects (Dayan et ah, 2009) like Drosophila auraria (Konstantopoulou et ah, 1992), Sitophilus oryzae (Lee et ah, 2004), or Rhyzopertha dominica (Shaaya et ah, 1991). The microencapsulated essential oil also showed larvicidal effects on Lymantria dispar (Moretti et ah, 2002). In Acanthoscelides obtectus males and females, R. officinalis volatile oil also caused high mortality rates (Papachristos and Stamopoulos, 2002). Repellent activity was reported against Listronotus oregonensis (Niepel, 2000). 

Repelled Sitophilus zeamais and Tribolium confusum (confused our beetle)... 

Some essential oils develop a combined activity on the insects, for example, EOs of Ocimum spp. exhibited both a repellent and a larvicidal action [45]. Acorus calamus EO and its active ingredients, asarone and its analogues, were both antifeedant and potent growth inhibitors to the variegated cutworm Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) [46]. It has also been shown that some essential oils exert quite opposite effects on different insect species. As an example, the tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) EOs impacted in different ways the following three beetles it was attractive and paralyzing for Rhizoperta dominica, repulsive for Tribolium confusum, and toxic for Sitophilus americana [47]. 

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