Sintering effect

Interparticle transport may be possible either by surface diffusion across the support or by vapor phase transport. Depending on the supported systems and on the sintering conditions the particles may grow predominantly via one of these possible routes. Supported PcFe deposits have been sintered in experimental conditions close to that of the condensation process (T = 235°C, residual pressure 10 torr). The surface areas of PcFe after 2 and 3 hours of sintering are shown in Table IV. It is seen that the sintering effect is more pronounced with a homogeneous carbon support. 

In a recent review work (117) on the chemical and nano-structural characterization of NM/CeO catalysts, a detailed study of the H interaction with a Pt/CeO catalyst reduced at temperatures ranging fh)m 473 K to 773 K is reported. The experimental techniques used in this work were TPD-MS and Isotopic Transient Kinetics (ITK) of the H2/D2 exchange at 298 K. The catalyst sample was carefully selected in order to minimise the Pt and support sintering effects in the investigated range of reduction temperatures. Likewise, a chlorine-free metal precursor, [Pt(NH3)4](OH)2, was used in the preparation of the catalyst. 

In the case of com cob, the results of the sintering tests (Table 3), in combination with those from the SEM-EDX analysis of the thermally treated ash samples, are in full agreement with the results obtained by the DTA-TGA thermal analysis method, clearly showing that mdiing/sintering effects begin at around 750 C or even at lower temperatures. 

The sintering effect to the properties of silica adsorbent has been studied using silica gels synthesized from tetraethoxysilane and impregnated with various amounts of Na+ ion and heated in various atmospheres [24]. Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 show the change of specific surface area with the samples loaded with various amounts of Na+ impurity, and atmosphere, the thermogravimetry and the thermodilatometry of the sample with the... 

The carbon corrosion issues are faced by the study of different carbonaceous supports, such as carbon black or carbon nanostructures. Recent results evidence the superiority of graphitized carbon with respect to amorphous carbon black in terms of corrosion resistance, and the promising characteristics of carbon nanocages when Pt sintering effects are considered [62]. 

Oh HS, Lim KH, Roh B, Hwang I, Kim H (2009) Corrosion resistance and sintering effect of carbon support in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 54 6515-6521... 

The sintering effect of the cesium salt has been made visible by transmission electronic microscopy. Comparison of electronic microscopic stereotypes of product calcinated at 500°C (6 h.) without (Fig. 4) or with Cs2HP04 (Fig. 5) leads to the following remarks ... 

Cesium salt added by wetness impregnation (10 % w/w) has a sintering effect on the calcination of samarium phosphate. The examination of structural and textural data shows that the cesium does not enter the crystalline network. The cesium salt is uniformly distributed on crystallites surface and the special morphology of samarium phosphate makes the cesium retained in the porosity of the solid. 

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