Sinistrin

The acetyl derivative was prepared according to the procedure of Haworth and Streight. After 110 precipitations of a warm benzene solution with petroleum ether, a product rotating — 23.5° resulted. Cryoscopic molecular weight determinations in benzene solution gave an average value of 9517, corresponding to 30 to 31 D-fructose residues. 

Methylation was accomplished by direct conversion of the acetyl derivative as previously described. The final product contained 45% OCHs. Molecular weight determinations in benzene gave values representing 18 to 19 D-fructose residues. Hydrolytic products of the methyl derivative were separated by conversion to benzoyl derivatives. The trimethylfructose was identified as 3,4,6-trimethyl-D-fructofuranose by its phenylosazone. The authors conclude that the ratios 1 3 1 exist among the di-, tri-, and tetramethyl-o-fructoses produced by the hydrolysis. 

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Inuiin (sinistrin) continuous infusion urinary clearance method... 

Inuiin (sinistrin) single bolus plasma clearance method " Cr-EDTA... 

Estelberger W, Petek W, Zitta S, Mauric A, Horn S, Hoizer H, et al. Determination of the glomerular filtration rate by identification of sinistrin kinetics. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1995 33 201-9. 

Asparagosin Asphodelin Graminin Inulin Irisin 300 288 222 360 242 Phlein Secalin Sinistrin Triticin 235 225 269 216... 

Glomerular filtration rate Inulin, sinistrin lothalamate lohexol Tc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mjj.-DTPA) l-lothalamate Creatinine Cystatin C... 

Soper CPR, Bending MR, Barron JL. An automated enzymatic inulin assay, capable of full sinistrin hydrolysis. Eur J CUn Chem Qin Biochem 1995 33 497-501. 

Buclin T, Pechere-Bertschi A, Saechaud R, et al. Sinistrin clearance for determination of glomerular filtration rate A reappraisal of various approaches using a new analytical method. J Clin Pharmacol 1997 37 679-692. 

Ruiz R, Cordova MA, Sierra M, et al. Automated sinistrin measurement. Clin Biochem 1997 30 501-504. 

The molecular weight distribution of sinistrin, a polysaccharide isolated from the bulbs of the red squill and which has been used for renal clearance, covered the range 8.0x10 to 1.6x10 . Viscosity measurements indicated a highly branched molecule in which residues of D-glucose were present at the reducing end of most molecules. 

It had previously been shown that renal function could be estimated through the measurement of dye clearance in conscious mice. These studies have been based on traditional approaches where inulin and the related derivative fructosan sinistrin, as well as diethylenetriamine pentaace-tate (DTPA), have been used in various forms as renal clearance substances (Silkalns et al., 1973 Goates et al., 1990 Jung et al 1992 McLachlan et al 2001). Their detection involved enzymatic or colorimetric measurements of inulin and sinistrin from serum or urine or scintigraphy of radiolabeled DTPA. 

Recently, the measnrement of FITC-sinistrin using the transcutaneous device (optical GFR) was directly compared with simultaneous GFR measurements obtained from gadolinium-based contrast agent filtration in the MRI (MRI-GFR ZoUner et al., 2013). While discrepancies between the two detection methods were observed, the study demonstrated that MRI-GFR, similarly to optical GFR, allowed for visualization of the filtration function in healthy and unilateral nephrectomy rats (Zollner et al., 2013). 

Pill J, Kraenzlin B, Jander J, Sattelkau T, Sadick M, Kloetzer H-M, Deus C, Kraemer U, and N Gretz (2005). Fluorescein-labeled sinistrin as marker of glomerular filtration rate. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 40 1056-1061. 

Pill J, Issaeva O, Woderer S, Sadick M, Kranzlin B, Fiedler F, Kldtzer H-M, Kramer U, and N Gretz (2006). Pharmacological profile and toxicity of fluorescein-labelled sinistrin, a novel marker for GFR measurements. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology 373 204—211. 

Schock-Kusch D, Sadick M, Henninger N, Kraenzlin B, Claus G, Kloetzer H-M, WeiB C, Pill J, and N Gretz (2009). Transcutaneous measurement of glomerular filtration rate using FITC-sinistrin in rats. Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 24 2997-3001. 

Schock-Kusch D, Xie Q, Shulhevich Y, Hesser Y, Stsepankou D, Sadick M, Koenig S, Hoecklin F, PiU J, and N Gretz (2011). Transcutaneous assessment of renal function in conscious rats with a device for measuring FITC-sinistrin disappearance curves. Kidney International 79 1254—1258. 

ZdUner FG, Schock-Kusch D, Backer S, Neudecker S, Gretz N, and LR Schad (2013). Simultaneous measurement of kidney function by dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and FTTC-sinistrin clearance in rats at 3 tesla initial results. PLoS ONE 8(11) e79992. 

Hein, H. Kraemer, U. Reiter, R. Gretz, N. Dens, C. Preparation of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FlXC)-sinistrin conjugate and application as diagnostic agent for kidney diseases. PCX Int. Appl. WO 2001085799, 2001 Chem. Abstr. 2001,135, 355024. 

Log P -7.77 (uncertain value) (calc). For other related storage polysaccharides see Levan, L-34, Sinistrin, S-44 and Phlean, P-66. Other storage polysaccharides which have been isol. from various species and given trivial names include Secalin and Asparagosin from asparagus. 

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