Single pulse regime

The observation of the atom reactivity is mostly restricted to metal atoms formed by reduction of monovalent ions, because they may be generated in one step in a single pulse regime. 

It is also possible to switch a single picosecond pulse out of the train of mode-locked pulses using an electrooptic switch. It is possible to obtain a single pulse having duration in the picosecond regime or even less. Pulses with durations in the regime of a few hundred femtoseconds (10 s) are also available (Fig. 4e). 

This new technique incorporates a catalyzed short contact time (SCT) substrate into a shock tube. Fig. 13. These SCT reactors are currently used in industry for a variety of applications, including fuel cell reformers and chemical synthesis.The combination of a single pulse shock tube with the short contact time reactor enables the study of complex heterogeneous reactions over a catalyst for very well defined regimes in the absence of transport effects. These conditions initiate reaction in a real environment then abruptly terminate or freeze the reaction sequence. This enables detection of intermediate chemical species that give insight into the reaction mechanism occurring in the presence of the chosen catalyst. There is no limitation in terms of the catalyst formulations the technique can study. 

Frasinski et al. [15] devised a triple coincidence technique to study double ionization in the single photon regime. In these photoelectron-photoion-photoion coincidence experiments, the photoelectron provides the start pulse to an analogue-to-digital converter and the two ions the stop pulses and it was an easy matter to ensure that there was less than one molecular ion in the interaction region for the period of measurement of the ion energies, about 10 fis. In the multiphoton case, however, may ions are produced per laser pulse and this conventional approach cannot be employed. 

We start with a general calculation of the quantum state of a single photon state prepared by a conditional measurement on a PDC biphoton state (Fig. 1). We restrict our consideration to the pulsed regime. In all calculations in this pa-... 

Single current pulse regime imposes serious limitations on both the thickness of the layers of the more noble metal and the content of that metal in the second layer. The application of a dual current pulse scheme was found more suitable for manipulation of the thickness of each layer, as well as the content of the more noble metal in the second layer. The scheme consists of current pulses in two different intensities each. A lower current density 1(1) for a certain time period T(l) is followed by a... 

I. P. Christov, N.H. Murnane, H.C. Kapteyii High-harmonic generation of attosecond pulses in the single-cycle regime. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1251 (1997)... 

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