Single chemicals reproductive toxicity

The in vitro and in vivo test methods available to study combined actions and toxicological and biochemical interactions of chemicals in mixtures are essentially the same as those used for the study of single chemicals in order to examine their potential general toxicity and special effects such as mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and reproductive toxicity. 

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Information on the reproductive toxicity of PBDEs is limited to a single one-generation oral study of decaBDE in rats that found no exposure-related functional effects (Dow Chemical Co. 1975 Norris et al. 1975a, 1975b). Tests of octaBDE and/or pentaBDE, particularly second-... 

Many of the observed Great Lakes region toxic effects are attributed to persistent toxic chemical compounds. TCDD is associated with human thyroid hormone fluctuation, problems in male reproductive function, and neurological malfunction. Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and methyl mercury (MeHg) are associated with human thyroid hormone fluctuation, problems in female reproductive function, neurological and neurodevelopmental problems. These effects, summarized in Table 13.1, illustrate the difficulty in attributing a particular toxic effect to a single chemical, particularly when one considers the potential impacts of thousands of other chemicals. 

Toxic infertility as used here refers to adverse effects on the reproductive systems of human males and females that result from exposure to xenobiotic single chemicals and chemical mixtures. This infertility may be because of direct toxic effects on the male or female reproductive organs and endocrine systems, or on the developing fetus such that the fetus cannot be either conceived or carried to term after conception. Developmental toxicity, the onset of adverse effects on the developing fetus or child after birth are discussed in Chapter 24. 

Table 23.1 Single Chemicals Known (K) or Suspected (S) Reproductively Toxic...

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