Single-blind study

Cannata G, Piccardo G Single-blind study of rifaximin effectiveness and safety for the topical treatment of bacterial skin infections. Biol Med(Rome)1993 15 7-19. 

It is important to distinguish between acute (e.g., 1 day) and longer term treatment with a BZD. Most of the literature addressing this issue consists of anecdotal reports, retrospective chart reviews, and uncontrolled studies in small patient samples, plus a small number of controlled trials for short-term acute BZD therapy. To our knowledge, at least 12 studies (including more than 450 patients) have evaluated the efficacy of adjunctive BZDs in nonresponsive schizophrenics (Table 5-23). Two of three open studies showed positive results, as did two controlled, single-blind studies ( 343, 344, 345, 346 and 347). In seven double-blind, crossover studies (six with placebo controls), the results are more contradictory, in that five showed no advantage to an adjunctive BZD, and one of the two positive studies had a small sample size (188, 189, 348, 349, 350 and 351). 

In one single-blind study, 17 schizotypal patients were given a modest dose of halopehdol (i.e., 2 to 12 mg per day), which produced some benefit, although many were sensitive to the adverse effects of this drug (216). The study by Goldberg et al. (217) also found that thiothixene benefited both schizotypal disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Similarly, low-dose antipsychotics had a modest effect in patients with both schizotypal and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders (218). 

Jemec, G.B. and Na, R. Hydration and plasticity following long-term use of a moisturizer a single-blind study. Acta Derm. Venereol. 2002 82 322-4. 

The addition of droperidol 2.5 mg to fentanyl 0.4 mg in 40 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine lowered the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting compared with a solution without droperidol or with butorphanol added instead in patients undergoing anorectal surgery in a prospective randomized, single-blind study (28). 

Two formulations of activated charcoal 50 g (Carbomix, made into a slurry with 400 ml of tap water, and Actidose-Aqua, which came as a 240 ml suspension) have been compared in a prospective, randomized, single-blind study in 97 patients (5). The mean total dose of Carbomix (26.5 g) was significantly higher than the mean total dose of Actidose-Aqua (19.5 g) the reasons for this difference were not stated. The rates of vomiting did not differ between patients who received Carbomix (6%) or Actidose-Aqua (8%), and were low compared with previous reports (13%). 

In a single-blind study 150 patients with acute atrial fibrillation were randomized to intravenous flecainide, propafenone, or amiodarone (23). At 12 hours there was... 

Racecadotril 100 mg tds has been compared with loperamide 2 mg tds in a single-blind study in 945 outpatients with acute diarrhea in 21 centers in 14 countries (1). Racecadotril resolved acute diarrhea as rapidly and as... 

The respiratory depressant and gastrointestinal adverse effects of remifentanil have been observed in a randomized, single-blind study of 125 patients undergoing elective orthopedic and urological surgery under spinal or brachial plexus anesthesia (16). They were randomized to either remifentanil (a bolus of 0.5 micrograms/kg plus an infusion of 0.1 micrograms/kg/minute) or propofol... 

The effects of tiagabine have been studied in a 4-month, single-blind study in 52 children over the age of 2 years with different syndromes of refractory epilepsy (5). Adverse events, mostly mild to moderate, were reported by 39% of the children during the single-blind placebo period and by 83% of the children during tiagabine treatment. The events predominantly affected the nervous system weakness (19%), nervousness (19%), dizziness (17%), and somnolence (17%) were the most common. One child had hallucinations that responded to dosage reduction. Only three children withdrew because of adverse events. 

Single-blind study A clinical trial in which the investigators—but not the subjects—know which subjects are receiving active drug and which are receiving placebos... 

Browne TR, Mattson RH, Penry JK, Smith DB, Treiman DM, Wilder BJ, Ben-Menachem E, Napoliello MJ, Sherry KM, Szabo GK. Vigabatrin for refractory complex partial seizures multicenter single-blind study with long-term follow up. Neurology ( 9Z T) 37,184-9. 

The results of two single-blind studies of eslicarbazepine acetate and oxcarbazepine after single and repeated administration in healthy volunteers have been reported (see above imder Eslicarbazepine). 

Cardiovascular In 120 consecutive patients referred for elective coronary artery b)rpass graft who were randomized in a single-blind study to late phase remote ischemic preconditioning, tramadol, or no treatment, tramadol worsened myocardial damage after coronary artery bypass graft [190 ]. 

Comparative studies Ulipristal has been compared with levonorgestrel for emergency contraception in a single-blind study in 2221 women who were randomized to single oral doses of ulipristal acetate 30 mg or levonorgestrel 1.5 mg, with follow-up at 5-7 days after the expected onset of the... 

Rehman J, Benet A, Melman A (1998) Use of intralesional verapamil to dissolve Peyronie s disease plaque a longterm single-blind study. Urology 51 620-626 Safarinejad MR (2004) Therapeutic effects of colchicine in the management of Peyronie s disease a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int J Impot Res 16 238-243... 

Combination studies Add-on zileuton 600 mg qds has been evaluated in patients with asthma using fluticasone 250 micrograms -I- salmeterol 50 micrograms in a pilot non-randomized, non-placebo, single-blind study [117 ]. Three of 22 patients stopped taking zileuton because oi headache and/or nausea. There were small increases in lung function with zileuton but no changes in symptoms or nitric oxide. 

A 6-week randomised, single-blind study compared risperidone plus divalproate and haloperidol plus divalproate in the treatment of mania [16 ]. There were significantly more extrapyramidal side effects and dyskinesia as well as more antiparkinsonian medication use with haloperidol. Mean weight increase and proportion of patients with clinically relevant weight gain (>7%) were greater with risperidone. 

Quetiapine IR at maximal dose (750 mg per day) was compared to oral risperidone in a 6-week, multicenter, randomised, rater single-blind study in Chinese patients with schizophrenia Extrapyramidal symptoms, prolactin levels and upper respiratory infection were significantly lower for quetiapine than for risperidone. Dizziness was significantly higher with quetiapine than with risperidone. Somnolence was greater with quetiapine. 

Sample of deionized, distilled water was spiked, in a single blind study, with all three organotins. The same standards were then used as external standards for HPLC-HY-DCP and direct-DCP quantitative analyses on the same water sample. The analyst did not know any of the Sn levels present in the initial samples. 

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