Cooling, simultaneous

Figure 52.12 Heat is generated both by deformation of workpiece material and by the friction of the chip across the tool tip. A cutting fluid acts as a lubricant to reduce frictional heat and simultaneously cools the whole cutting zone...

In wet scrubbing the dust is removed by counter-current washing with a liquid, usually water, and the solids are removed as a slurry. The principal mechanism involved is the impact (impingement) of the dust particles and the water droplets. Particle sizes down to 0.5 /i.m can be removed in suitably designed scrubbers. In addition to removing solids, wet scrubbers can be used to simultaneously cool the gas and neutralise any corrosive constituents. 

We use profile extrusion to make continuous products that have fixed cross-sectional dimensions, such as pipes, house siding, refrigerator door gaskets, and vindshield wiper blades. During profile extrusion the molten output from an extruder is pumped to a die where it is formed to approximately the desired cross-sectional profile. As the molten polymer leaves the die, we apply the final forming step and simultaneously cool it to yield the product in its solid state. 

Scheme 2.5 Application of the microwave heating-simultaneous cooling approach.

Leadbeater NE, Pillsbury SJ, Shanahan E, Williams VA (2005) An assessment of the technique of simultaneous cooling in conjunction with microwave heating for organic synthesis. Tetrahedron 61 3565-3585 Lee CKY, Holmes AB, Ley SV, McConvey IF, Al-Duri B, Leeke GA, Santos RCD, Seville JPK (2005) Efficient batch and continuous flow Suzuki crosscoupling reactions under mild conditions, catalysed by polyurea-encapsulated palladium (II) acetate and tetra-n-butylammonium salts. J Chem Soc Chem Commun 2175-2177... 

Group 3 Simultaneous Cooling and Solidification Analytical- Numerical Madejski [401]... 

Sparingly soluble salts of primary aromatic amines are diazotised in suspension, with vigorous stirring. Very weak bases such as halo-genated anilines and nitroanilines require a large excess of acid for salt formation they are first dissolved in just sufficient hot concentrated hydrochloric acid, which is then simultaneously cooled in ice and diluted. In this way the salts, which are mostly sparingly soluble, are precipitated in a finely divided condition. Dissolution in concentrated sulphuric acid and direct diazotisation of the sulphate, precipitated as a fine powder by means of ice, is often to be recommended. The free amines, however, should never be diazotised in acid suspension because they react far too slowly. Salt formation should first be ensured. 

When humid, warm air masses are transported towards a chain of mountains by the prevailing wind systems, they are forced upwards and simultaneously cooled by the natural barrier. If, in the process, the temperature reaches or falls below dew point, clouds are formed on the windward side of the mountain range. The intensity of the precipitation triggered by this process exhibits a high spatial variability, with precipitation rates primarily dependent on the uplift distance, uplift velocity and... 

This device is filled partially with working fluid. The flow instabilities inside of this device are produced due to the heat input in one part of it and heat output from the another part by heating multi-channels (H = 2mm, L = 5 mm) at one end and simultaneously cooling the other end thus resulting in pulsating fluid. This heat input and output stimulates a heat transfer, as a combination of sensible and latent heat portions. The flow instabilities are a superposition of various underlying effects. 

The product of trinitration was drained off to a separator, where a temperature of about 80°C was maintained by means of a steam heating coil. When the product had set in two layers the lower one, i.e. the spent acid in a quantity of about 5000 kg, was transferred to the detoluator, into which a mixture of MNT and DNT from a superdetoluator was run with simultaneous cooling and stirring. While maintaining a temperature of 75-80°C by cooling, some 240 kg of 50% nitric acid were introduced into the detoluator said after the mixture had been stirred for half sai hour it was cooled to 50°C. About 160 1. of acid water from the preliminary washing of TNT were then added. 

When the brine leaves the electrolyzer it has a lower content of chloride and contains also dissolved chlorine and a certain amount of hydrochlorous acid. Chlorine makes working conditions difficult, particularly when the salt is dissolved in open tanks, and attacks the iron part of the equipment. For this reason the brine must be dechlorinated prior to resaturation and simultaneously cooled. When saturation has been completed and the brine enters the electrolyzer, the temperature should not exceed 50° to 60 °C. In winter when the temperature has dropped below 50 °C the brine must be heated. 

The proline-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction between cyclohexanone, formaldehyde and an aniline has been described by Bolm and co-workers [182]. With only 0.5 mol% of homochiral catalyst, the Mannich products have been obtained with excellent ee s up to 98% after a short irradiation time using a constant low power of 10-15 W in conjunction with simultaneous cooling with compressed air. These reaction conditions allow achieving a high reaction rate and an excellent enantioselectivity. In situ reduction of the resulting ketones 129 afford the V-aryl amino alcohols 130 in high yield (syn/anti in ratio 1 5) (Scheme 101). 

WSACs can be designed to simultaneously cool several process streams in parallel separate tube bundles within a single cell of a... 

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