Simpliciters

The advantages of these methods are based on their simplicit - tlie number of samples required to construct the models is relatively small, statistics are available that can be used to validate the models, and it is easier to describe these methods to the users of the models. The classical methods are also multivariate in nature and, therefore, have good diagnostics tools that can be used to detect violations of the assumptions both during the calibration and prediction phases. 

The complicated function (41) may be used for calculation of the rate constant, if the tensors Q and Qf are known. So, the number of the reorganizing local vibrations should be small in order to calculate the change of the geometry and the force constants at electron transition. The potential energy of the vibration localized near acceptor may decline on the parabolic form, if the energy AE transmitted in the local vibration is sufficiently large. Then, the formulas (40) and (41) are useless, and it is necessary to simpliciter calculate the matrix elements (i/f(g ) iK<7f)) in the expression (9). 

Let us call the notion of reference used in the first option relative reference , and the notion of reference mentioned in the second option reference simpliciter . Relative reference is a relation between a word within a conceptual scheme to some entity in the quasi-phenomenal world constituted by that scheme. Reference simpliciter is a relation between a word within a conceptual scheme and some entity in the quasi-phenomenal world constituted by the adequate conceptual scheme. Defined in this way, reference simpliciter is also relative reference. It is just a distinguished member of the class of relative reference relations, just as the world simpliciter is just a distinguished member of the class of quasi-phenomenal worlds, and just as an adequate conceptual scheme is just a distinguished member of the class of conceptual schemes. 

So the dilemma is this. We can identify the ordinary notion of reference with two different relations, relative reference and reference simpliciter. If we identify it with relative reference we lose the continuity of discourse. Adopting a new conceptual scheme would amount to changing the subject. Competition would be replaced by different but equal truths . If we identify the ordinary notion of reference with reference simpliciter, we lose the ability to explain changes in linguistic behavior in terms of referential change. What shall we do ... 

But if someone ignores the distinction between relative reference and reference simpliciter, he may be tempted to argue as follows. 

The point may be put more sharply as follows. If we take sense to be whatever fixes reference simpliciter, than the users of Pre did not know the sense of water . What fixes the reference of a word is the justification condition in the adequate scheme. The adequate scheme is Post. They did not have Post, so they did not know the sense of water . Thus even if (1) is granted, the Twin Earth argument still does not work against my account, because (1) cannot be applied to our pre-Daltonian ancestors. 

Some people believe, as Fodor ( Methodological Solipsim ) did, that no explanation of behavior should appeal to anything outside the mind. Reference is a relation to something outside the mind, so it cannot be invoked in the explanation of behavior. If that is right, the notion of relative reference is superfluous. The only work relative reference is allowed to do is to explain behavior in certain cases. If it cannot do even that, we have to get rid of it. Consequently, the ordinary notion of reference should be identified with reference simpliciter without further ado. 

In one sense the logic is compelling. If (i) the game is played only once, (ii) the actors are motivated solely by the payoff in the matrix and (iii) they behave rationally, collective action mMSf fail. By contraposition, we might look into the possibilities for collective action if the interaction is repeated several times if the payoffs that motivate the actors differ from the material reward structure and if the behaviour is less than fully rational. It turns out that under all these conditions, collective action does become possible. The three cases correspond to what was referred to earlier as rationaIity-cum-selfishness rationality simpliciter and irrationality. 

A simple (but essential) starting idea is that the conclusions arising from studies in different physical states (gas, liquid and solid) produce very important additional information, but it is dangoous to apply sic et simpliciter the conclusions obtained in one state (in particular in solid) to the other states (in particular in solutions). 

Sufficiency in an Effectively Closed Model Call a model Mp framed in variables characterized by vocabulary F effectively closed with respect to variables characterized by vocabulary G iff the predictive accuracy afforded by employing Mf cannot be improved by adding variables from G. A cause is sufficient for an effect in an effectively closed model Afr with respect to G if it is sufficient simpliciter for the effect in Afr (Weslake 2007 8). 

Here for simplicitly, the exchange interaction has been ignored. To obtain some qualitative features of Eq. (84), we may use the approximate relation (Lin, 1973a)... 

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