Simarouba

Ruhrofen, m. (Afetal.) rabble furnace. Rubrrmde, /. Simarouba bark. 

The following also gave positive tests Quassisa aitdra, Simaba (= Quassia) cedron (5/6), Q. ferritginea, Simarouba (= Quassia) glauca (1/2). 

Aceituno oil Simarouba glauca). This tree grows in Central and South America. Its seeds produce oil (about 30%), which is rich in oleic acid ( 58%), and contains significant levels of stearic ( 28%) and palmitic (12%) acids. (64). 

SlMAROUBA. Simarouba. Quassia simarouba. W. II. 568. Cortex. The bark. 

Hydroxycanthin-6-one (16) has been isolated from the root bark of Simarouba amara (34) and from cell cultures of A. altissima 12,15). Since its UV spectrum was similar to that of 5-methoxycanthin-6-one (25), Lassak et al. (34) assumed it to be 4- or 5-hydroxycanthin-6-one. The prominent peak at M -56 (mlz 180, M -2CO) in the mass spectrum supported structure 16 having an OH adjacent to the carbonyl group. The final confirmation of structure 16 was made through direct comparison of methylated 16 with authentic 7. 

Another medicinally useful plant is Simarouba, whose bark, fruit and seeds have been used earlier in the dysenteric conditions in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. The active constituent of Simarouba is glaucarubin (9), which has been found to possess marked activity against . histolyticji in animals [37,38]. 

Quassinoids.—2 -AcetylgIaucarubine (98) and a new antineoplastic quassinoid, 13,18-dehydroglaucarubinone (99), have been isolated from Simarouba amara. The related 13,18-dehydroglaucarubol-15-isovalerate (100) has been reported from Ailanthus excelsa. The details of the crystal structural analyses of samaderin 7A (101), from Samadera indica, and 6-hydroxypicrasin B (102), from Soulamea species, have appeared. 

Until 1985, only six quassinoids possessing the C25 basic skeleton were known simarolide (209) from the bark of Simarouba amara, picrasin A (210) isolated from Picrasma quassioides, soulameolide (211) from Soulamea tomentosa, simarinolide (212) and guanepolide (213) from the root bark of the Simaba cf. orinocencis, and deacetylsimarolide (214) isolated from the fruits of Simaba moretii [1]. 

This compound is still in use. Traditional uses of other plant products led to the identification of other compounds with activity against Entamoeba in the 1940s and 1950s, including the steroidal alkaloid conessine from Holarrhena sp. (Apocyanaceae), glaucarubin from Simarouba amara (Simaroubaceae), and henna from Lawsonia alba (Lythraceae) [163]. 

Major vegetable fats 3.3.1 Kctxixmo oil (Simarouba glauca, Quassia)... 

Simarouba versicolor (Simaroubaceae) was shown to be the known quassi-noid-type terpene glaucarubinone. A very simple cytotoxic constituent, namely 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, was isolated from the pantropical Xylosma velutina (Flacourtiaceae). The Farnsworth group has also... 

Ghosh PC, Larrahondo JE, Quesne PW, Raffauf RF (1977) Antitumor plants. IV. Constituents of Simarouba versicolor. J Nat Prod 40 364—369... 

Under the name of quassia or quassia wood Quassiae lignum), two indiscriminate species were then sold in Europe Quassia amara (mainly root, wood and stems) and Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch, (formerly Picraena excelsa (Sw.) Lindley) or Jamaican quassia (trunk wood) [17,18, 20]. Quassia wood was initially used as an antiseptic, for meat preservation and as antipyretic. But because of its bitter principles its main recommendation was as a digestive and tonic [17, 21]. Q. amara was rapidly registered in various European pharmacopoeias, alone or with other Simaroubaceae species with the same reputation, such as Picrasma excelsa or Simarouba amara Aubl. [22-25]. The reputation of quassia wood then spread to the United States, where the medicinal use of cups mostly made of Q. amara wood became popular [26]. Meanwhile, a few Simaroubaceae were registered in North American official pharmaceutical documents, such as the King s American Dispensatory [27] or the United States Dispensatory [28]. 

Moreover, some species have been introduced, naturalized, cultivated, and marketed outside their original distribution area with respect to their therapeutic value. This is the case for Simarouba amara, introduced in India Ailanthus altissima, introduced as an ornamental and medicinal plant in North America, then in Europe Brucea javanica, now cultivated in Africa and Quassia amara, a few specimens of which were introduced in Africa and India. In their country of... 

Ailanthus altissima, Brucea antidysenterica, Picrasma excelsa. Quassia africana. Quassia undulata, Simaba cedron, and Simarouba amara are also used as anthelmintics. 

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