Silver studies

Michota A., Kudelski A., Bukowska J., Chemisorption of cysteamine on silver studied hy surface- enhanced Raman scattering, Langmuir 2000 16 10236-10242. 

Daniels, V. and Ward, S. (1982). A rapid test for the detection of substances which will tarnish silver. Studies in Conservation, 27, 58-60. 

Komguth S, Gdbert-Bamess E, Langer E, Hegstrand L. Golgi-Kopsch silver study of the brain of a patient with untreated phenylketonuria, seizures, and cortical blindness. Am J Med Genet 1992 44 443-448. 

Hutt, D.A., Cooper, E., Leggett, G.J. (1998) Structure and mechanism of photooxidation of self-assembled mono-layers of alkylthiols on silver studied by XPS and static SIMS. /. Phys. Chem. B, 102,174-184. 

While much early work with dispersed electrochemical systems focused on silver halide sols [16], more recent studies by Rusling and co-workers and others exploited... 

Sundquist [35], studying small crystals of metals, noted a great tendency for rather rounded shapes and concluded that for such metals as silver, gold, copper, and iron there was not more than about 15% variation in surface tension between different crystal... 

Surface heterogeneity may be inferred from emission studies such as those studies by de Schrijver and co-workers on P and on R adsorbed on clay minerals [197,198]. In the case of adsorbed pyrene and its derivatives, there is considerable evidence for surface mobility (on clays, metal oxides, sulfides), as from the work of Thomas [199], de Mayo and co-workers [200], Singer [201] and Stahlberg et al. [202]. There has also been evidence for ground-state bimolecular association of adsorbed pyrene [66,203]. The sensitivity of pyrene to the polarity of its environment allows its use as a probe of surface polarity [204,205]. Pyrene or ofter emitters may be used as probes to study the structure of an adsorbate film, as in the case of Triton X-100 on silica [206], sodium dodecyl sulfate at the alumina surface [207] and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride adsorbed onto silver electrodes from water and dimethylformamide [208]. In all cases progressive structural changes were concluded to occur with increasing surfactant adsorption. 

Yang W H, Hulteen J 0, Schatz G G and Van Duyne R P 1996 A surface-enhanced hyper-Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering study of trans-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene adsorbed onto silver film over nanosphere electrodes. Vibrational assignments experiments and theory J. Chem. Phys. 104 4313-26... 

Al-Obaidi A H R, Rigby S J, Hegarty J N M, Bell S E J and McGarvey J J 1996 Direct formation of silver and gold metal liquid-like films (MELLFS) from thiols and sols without organic solvents SERS and AFM studies ICORS 96 XVth Int. Conf on Raman Spectroscopy ed S A Asher and P B Stein (New York Wiley) pp 590-1... 

Tarazona A, Kreisig S, Koglin E and Schwuger M J 1997 Adsorption properties of two cationic surfactant classes on silver surfaces studied by means of SERS spectroscopy and ab initio calculations Prog. Colloid Polym. Sol. 103 181-92... 

Monolayers can be transferred onto many different substrates. Most LB depositions have been perfonned onto hydrophilic substrates, where monolayers are transferred when pulling tire substrate out from tire subphase. Transparent hydrophilic substrates such as glass [18,19] or quartz [20] allow spectra to be recorded in transmission mode. Examples of otlier hydrophilic substrates are aluminium [21, 22, 23 and 24], cliromium [9, 25] or tin [26], all in their oxidized state. The substrate most often used today is silicon wafer. Gold does not establish an oxide layer and is tlierefore used chiefly for reflection studies. Also used are silver [27], gallium arsenide [27, 28] or cadmium telluride wafer [28] following special treatment. 

As a furtlier example for tire meaning of ex situ investigations of emersed electrodes witli surface analytical teclmiques, results obtained for tire double layer on poly crystalline silver in alkaline solutions are presented in figure C2.10.3. This system is of scientific interest, since tliin silver oxide overlayers (tliickness up to about 5 nm) are fonned for sufficiently anodic potentials, which implies tliat tire adsorjDtion of anions, cations and water can be studied on tire clean metal as well as on an oxide covered surface [55, 56]. For tire latter situation, a changed... 

Horanyi G and Rizmayer E M 1984 Radiotracer study of anion adsorption at silver electrodes in acidic medium J. Electroanal. Chem. 176 339-48... 

Lutzenkirchen-Flecht D and Strehblow FI-FI 1998 Bromide adsorption on silver in alkaline solution A surface analytical study Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 102 826-32... 

Melroy O R, Toney M F, Borges G L, Samant M G, Kortright J B, Ross P N and Blum L 1989 An In situ grazing incidence x-ray scattering study of the initial stages of electrochemical growth of lead on silver(111) J. Electroanal. Chem. 258 403-14... 

In the course of my studies I also introduced silver tetrafluoroborate, AgBp4, as a metathetic cation forming agent suitable for forming varied ionic (electrophilic) reagents. 

Many patents and studies are still published in the field of thiazolo dyes because the photographic industrx is always looking for new sensitizing dyes with improved efficiency and eager to know more about the mechanisms of their action on silver halide. 

The use of sensitizing dyes in photography has been the subject of many studies and constitutes. still now. one of the most studied areas in specialized periodic publications (125, 126) or in textbooks (88. 127). It can be ascertained that one hundred years after Vogel s discovery of spectral sensitization, the basic mechanisms of action of dyes on their silver halide support still remain not fully understood. However, the theoretical reasons explaining why among many other dye families practically only cyanine methine dyes appear to be spectral sensitizers (128) are better known. 

The equilibrium is more favorable to acetone at higher temperatures. At 325°C 97% conversion is theoretically possible. The kinetics of the reaction has been studied (23). A large number of catalysts have been investigated, including copper, silver, platinum, and palladium metals, as well as sulfides of transition metals of groups 4, 5, and 6 of the periodic table. These catalysts are made with inert supports and are used at 400—600°C (24). Lower temperature reactions (315—482°C) have been successhiUy conducted using 2inc oxide-zirconium oxide combinations (25), and combinations of copper-chromium oxide and of copper and silicon dioxide (26). 

Group 11 (IB) Perchlorates. Copper and silver perchlorates have been studied quite extensively. Copper(I) perchlorate [17031-33-3] ... 

Spectroscopic. The electronic configuration of Pu vapor is [Xe] The earliest studies of copper- and silver-spark spectra... 

Direct Oxidation of Propylene to Propylene Oxide. Comparison of ethylene (qv) and propylene gas-phase oxidation on supported silver and silver—gold catalysts shows propylene oxide formation to be 17 times slower than ethylene oxide (qv) formation and the CO2 formation in the propylene system to be six times faster, accounting for the lower selectivity to propylene oxide than for ethylene oxide. Increasing gold content in the catalyst results in increasing acrolein selectivity (198). In propylene oxidation a polymer forms on the catalyst surface that is oxidized to CO2 (199—201). Studies of propylene oxide oxidation to CO2 on a silver catalyst showed a rate oscillation, presumably owing to polymerization on the catalyst surface upon subsequent oxidation (202). 

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