Electrochemical growth

Melroy O R, Toney M F, Borges G L, Samant M G, Kortright J B, Ross P N and Blum L 1989 An In situ grazing incidence x-ray scattering study of the initial stages of electrochemical growth of lead on silver(111) J. Electroanal. Chem. 258 403-14... 

Sharma RK, Rastogi AC, Singh G (2004) Electrochemical growth and characterization of manganese telluride thin films. Mater Chem Phys 84 46-51... 

It appears that a way to efficient electrochemical growth of CdTe and other chalcogenides on silicon crystals is the utilization of light-assisted processes. Works in this direction will be discussed in a subsequent section regarding underpotential deposition studies. 

Ikariyama [2] described a unique method for the preparation of a glucose oxidase (GOD) electrode in their work. The method is based on two electrochemical processes, i.e. electrochemical adsorption of GOD molecules and electrochemical growth of porous electrode. GOD immobilized in the growing matrix of platinum black particles is employed for the microfabrication of the enzyme electrode. It demonstrated high performance with high sensitivity and fast responsiveness. 

F. Argoul, J. Huth, P. Merzeau, A. Arneodo, and H.L. Swinney. Experimental evidence for homoclinic chaos in an electrochemical growth process. Physica D, 62(1-4) 170-185, 1993. 

Sulfur Compounds Electrochemical growth of Ag2S on Ag(lll) electrodes has been studied using XPS by Conyers and White [263]. 

In this expression, i is current density, p is density, n is the number of electron equivalents per mole of dissolved metal, M is the atomic weight of the metal, F is Faraday s constant, r is pit radius, and t is time. The advantage of this technique is that a direct determination of the dissolution kinetics is obtained. A direct determination of this type is not possible by electrochemical methods, in which the current recorded is a net current representing the difference between the anodic and the cathodic reaction rates. In fact, a comparison of this nonelectrochemical growth rate determination with a comparable electrochemical growth rate determination shows that the partial cathodic current due to proton reduction in a growing pit in A1 is about 15% of the total anodic current (26). 

Figure 2.4 A hemispherical silver single crystal develops during electrochemical growth flat faces belonging to the equilibrium form. The front cubic face, (100), is surrounded by four triangular octahedral faces (111) and four round rhombododecahedral (110) faces. The flat regions around the (111) faces are kinetically stabilized vicinal (311) faces and belong to the so-called form of growth [2.41.

Figure 5.45 Overall exchange current density o, Ag/Ag+ as a function of the step density Ls(rj) of a Ag(lOO) crystal face intersected by few screw dislocations in the standard system Ag(100)/AgNO3 [5.29]. Different step densities Ls,(rj) are obtained by electrochemical growth at different overpotentials I77I.

The electrochemical growth of a continuous and homogeneous film can be well thought-out as a result of the migration of metallic cations by means of one of the above-mentioned transport processes. It is worthy to note that the dislocation of ions breeds defects (vacancies, interstitial ions, etc.). Hence, either the dislocation of defects or the migration of atoms can be used to describe the transport process [1], Mathematical details are found in the cited references and also in the reviews [2,3]. 

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