Silver chloride succinate

As shown in equation 12, the chemistry of this developer s oxidation and decomposition has been found to be less simple than first envisioned. One oxidation product, tetramethyl succinic acid (18), is not found under normal circumstances. Instead, the products are the a-hydroxyacid (20) and the a-ketoacid (22). When silver bromide is the oxidant, only the two-electron oxidation and hydrolysis occur to give (20). When silver chloride is the oxidant, a four-electron oxidation can occur to give (22). In model experiments the hydroxyacid was not converted to the keto acid. Therefore, it seemed that the two-electron intermediate triketone hydrate (19) in the presence of a stronger oxidant would reduce more silver, possibly involving a species such as (21) as a likely reactive intermediate. This mechanism was verified experimentally, using a controlled, constant electrochemical potential. At potentials like that of silver chloride, four electrons were used at lower potentials only two were used (104). 

Silver nitrate Iron (III) chloride Barium chloride Calcium chloride Succinates, C4H4042 White precipitate of silver succinate soluble in dilute ammonia solution Light brown precipitate of iron (III) succinate White precipitate of barium succinate Precipitate of calcium succinate appears slowly... 

Croll is credited with being the first to mention the explosive fulminate of gold and with having given the name of lima, cornea, horn silver, to the fused chloride of silver. Kopp also credits to him the first announcement of the acid from amber (succinic acid) fios succinii. ... 

Chlorides. — On adding 2 or 3 cc. of nitric acid to 20 cc. of the 1 20 aqueous solution of succinic acid, not more than a faint opalescent turbidity should develop on the addition of silver nitrate solution. 

Reaction XLVm. (a) Action of Alkali Cyanides on Alkyl and Acyl Halides. (Bl., [2], 50, 214.)—This reaction is capable of very wide application, all the simple alkyl halogen compounds, the acyl halides, and the halogen fatty acids come within its scope. The nitriles so formed yield acids by hydrolysis, so it is frequently the first step in the synthesis of an acid—the preparation and hydrolysis of the nitrile are often combined. The preparations of malonic, succinic, tricarballylic and other acids (Preparations 60, 61, 62) illustrate this. The extension of this reaction to acyl halides is important, and should be referred to, as should the interaction of silver cyanide, and alkyl iodides, to give isonitriles. Mercuric and silver cyanides, it may be noted, give with acyl chlorides and bromides better yields of normal acyl nitriles than do the alkali cyanides. 

Adipic acid has been prepared by the following methods the action of silver 1 or copper 2 on /3-iodopropionic acid the reduction of mucic acid with phosphorus and iodine 3 the electrolysis of the potassium or sodium salts of monoethyl succinate 4 the condensation of ethylene chloride or bromide with malonic ester or cyanoacetic ester and subsequent hydrolysis 5 the oxidation of certain fractions of Baku petroleum 0 the oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone with nitric acid 7 or potassium permanganate.8... 

Brooks states that this substance reacts quantitatively with bisulphite solution, but that it cannot be recovered from the bisulphite compound. This renders it jM-obable that the group CH. CH. CO is present in this body. The fact that the substance is a ketone is proved by its behaviour towards ammoniacal silver solution and magenta solution. The phenyl-hydrazone melts at 161. The ketone does not react with acetanhydride,. and with acetyl chloride it resinifies. When heated with an excess of alcoholic potash solution it gives rise to neutral succinate of potassium. It would seem that the succinic acid occurs in the ketone-molecule in the form of a neutral ester. In order to identify the alcohols which were associated with the succinic acid, the ketone was saponified with aqueous solution of caustic soda, but only ethyl alcohol could be detected. It appears that one of the carboxyl groups of the succinic acid is esterified with ethyl alcohol and the other with an alcohol Ok ijOj. ... 

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