Silk Dyes

Commercial ranges of reactive dyes have not been marketed specifically for silk dyeing, so the more important types of reactive system developed successfully for wool or cellulosic fibres have been evaluated on silk. Apparel made from silk traditionally required dry... 

Theoretically, all reactive dyes can be used for silk dyeing. However, to achieve the best quality of dyed silk, reactive dyes have to satisfy the following requirements [114] ... 

Selected acid 1 1 chrome complex dyes, because of their good wet- and lightfastness and their very good leveling power, and also 1 2 chrome complex and 1 2 cobalt complex dyes with hydrophilic groups, have successfully come into use as silk dyes. 

Furthermore, direct dyes (see Section 3.3) are among the most important silk dyes. Their fastness properties can be improved by aftertreatment with metallic salts or formaldehyde. 

Initially the development of synthetic fibers greatly reduced the importance of silk dyeing. Recently the processing of silk has undergone a marked increase owing to the growing quality consciousness of buyers, who appreciate the outstanding wear properties of silk. 

Hurst, G.H., Silk Dyeing, Printing, and Finishing, George Bell and Sons London, 1892. 

The azo yellow prepared in this way is quite insensitive to dilute mineral acids, but is not satisfactory for certain purposes in silk dyeing. By using more nitric acid and more vigorous conditions, grades of azo yellow are produced which are more greenish in shade and completely fast to acids. 

A derivative of fluorescein is important as a dye. It is known as eosine from the Greek word for dawn because its color is a fluorescent rose like the color of the sky at dawn. It is used as a silk dye. It is the tetra-hromine derivative of fluorescein potassium salt. 

The different behaviour of various textile fibres in dyeing may be explained by an assumption of different solvent power thus, silk dyes more readily than other fibres because the fibroin has a greater solvent power. Keratine again, the principle of the wool fibre, possesses a greater solvent power than cellulose, which is only capable of attracting and holding in solution a few dyestuffs, such as the tetrazo-dyes of the benzidine series, and in certain cases in this class the solvent power of the water in the dye-bath has to be decreased by addition of salt. 

Tropliolin 0 is a strong dyestuff, producing a fine golden-yellow shade on wool and silk, being dyed from an acid bath. It was formerly used in silk-dyeing. 

A process which has been used for silk-dyeing is similar to that of Messrs. Holliday. A diazo-compound in solution is neutralised by chalk, and a phenol (/3-naphthol) obtained in a fine state of division by precipitation is added. On working the goods in this mixture, the colour is gradually developed and is fixed on the fibre. 

The ethyl ether, in form of its sodium or potassium salt, is extensively used in silk-dyeing as spirit eosin or primerose h kalcool/ For use, the commercial product is dissolved in spirit and gradually added to the dye-bath, which is acidified with acetic acid. 

The fluorescein derivatives containing chlorine are much bluer in shade than the corresponding derivatives of ordinary fluorescein. Their principal application is in silk-dyeing. Rose Bengal prepared from tetrachlorphthalic acid is the bluest of these dyestuffs, while Phloxin from dichlorphthalic acid is the yellowest. 

Magdala red still finds a slight application in special cases in silk-dyeing, but owing to its enormous price has been almost entirely superseded by rhodamine. 

An aqueous decoction of weld is used in dyeing. On alumina mordants it produces a beautiful fast yellow. Its principal application is in silk-dyeing, for which weld is a valuable material. Silk is previously mordanted with alum. 

Archil is principally employed in wool and silk dyeing, less in calico-printing. It may be dyed on wool from acid, neutral, or alkaline baths. An addition of alum, stannous chloride, oxalic acid, or tartaric acid is made to the dyebath. 

Make a dye bath by dissolving 0.1 gram of malachite green in 500 cc. of water. Add to the bath a piece of boiled-out cotton which has not been mordanted, the piece of cotton mordanted with tannic acid from which most of the solution has been removed by pressure, the piece of cotton cloth on which the tannic acid was fixed by tartar emetic, a piece of wool, and a piece of silk. Dye for 15 minutes at a temperature just below boiling. Work the pieces over and over with a rod occasionally to obtain even dyeing. 

Heusser, A. H., ed., The History of the Silk Dyeing Industry in the United States, Paterson,... 

A number of studies continue to appear on dye photofading processes. Silylated coumarin dyes attached to sol-gel hosts have been found to exhibit high light stability. Many disperse dyes on polyester are stabilised by absorbers as is Rhodamine B in solution by singlet state quenchers, silk dyes by semicarbazides and vat dyes on cotton with absorbers. ... 

Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) extract Annatto (Bixa orellana) Annatto (Bixa orellana) extract colorant, silk dyeing Annatto (Bixa orellana) colorant, sizing Pigment yellow 14 colorant, skin tanning preps. 

Macquer wrote on silk dyeing (1763). His method of dyeing scarlet, ... 

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