Silane treated glass

Fig. 24. Experimental set-up of Harding and Berg for testing the single-particle composites. The digital video image shows an example of a failed interface for a silane-treated glass bead in polymer matrix. Redrawn from ref. [166].

Fig. 2.4. A schematic model for interdiffusion and IPN in a silane-treated glass fiber—polymer matrix...

Fig. 5.7. Effect of immersion in hot water on interfacial bond strength of silane treated glass fiber-epoxy matrix composite. After Koenig and Emadipotir (1985).

Another way of ensuring that a glass surface is free of water or hydroxyl groups is to cover it with a film of sodium. This method was used when the melting point phase diagram for the system isobutene + titanium tetrachloride was determined (Longworth, Plesch and Rutherford, 1959 Plesch, 1972), but it cannot be used on silane-treated glass as the sodium will not spread on the waxy surface. 

So far there has been little use in the volume thermoplastics such as PVC and polyolefins. The main exception would seem to be the use of amino-silane treated glass in conjunction with maleated polypropylene in polypropylene compounds. 

Glass U-tube columns are usually filled by gravity without the need for vacuum. It is best to add packing to both arms simultaneously, or in small segments to each arm. Silane-treated glass wool should be used sparingly and is not really needed or recommended in the inlet side. 

Place small amount of silane-treated glass wool in trap (label this side of trap). 

The primary effect of B,0, in the silane-treated glass fibers was found to be an enhancement of the water adsorptivity. This dependence on B203 was also observed in the water adsorption behavior of untreated fibers, water-vapor hydrated fibers, and water-leached fibers [8], but was significantly greater after the silane treatment. It was also found that the presence of B,03 influenced the amount of silane adsorption per se. Altogether it can be concluded that there is a direct effect of B,0, on water adsorption. There is also an influence of B,03 on the adsorption and condensation of aminosilane which determines the water adsorptivity of the silane-treated fiber. 

It is apparent from Fig. 1 that the water evolution profile is qualitatively similar for water-sized and silane-treated glass fibers. Table 4 shows, however, that the desorption volume of physically adsorbed water (peak 1) is significantly larger for water-sized glass than for silane-treated specimens. This result is in qualitative accord with evidence from wetting experiments demonstrating that silane deposition diminishes the non-dispersive component of the work of adhesion with water [2-5], When bare and silane-treated fibers were equilibrated with water for 6 months, as opposed to several hours in this study, the desorption volumes of... 

The same sequence of desorption experiments was performed on silane-treated glass surfaces. Desorption of organic contaminants from glass fiber treated with methyltrimethoxysilane is shown by the dashed curve in Fig. 4A. The desorption envelope obtained from silane-treated glass with no probe on the column is... 

The sorptive properties of silane-treated glass substrates will vary radically with minute changes in glass substrate composition and deposition conditions. The challenge is to choose from the huge matrix of possible experiments those that demonstrate the most general properties of silane-treated surfaces. 

Mount sections on silane-treated glass slides. 

Fig. 9. Shear viscosity ratio of PDMS suspensions of silane-treated glass spheres (ca. 10 mm in diameter) to that of identical bare glass spheres at the same volume fraction ( )=0.28> measured at T=25 °C in steady state for three PDMS molecular weights, reproduced from [48]...

SURFACE STRUCTURE OF SILANE-TREATED GLASS BEADS AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FILLED COMPOSITES... 

A mixture consisting of the Step 1 product (32 parts), AA -dimethylacrylamide (32 parts), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (36 parts), hexanol (27 parts), andDarocur (0.3 parts) were cast between two silane-treated glass plates and cured for 1 hour at 70°C. The cured films were then released, extracted in isopropanol, and boiled for 4 hours in water. Hydrogel films were stored in borate bulfered saline solution until needed. 

The approach of Fowkes was applied in combination with inverse gas chromatography (IGC) to determine E and C for conventional polymers [39], conducting polymers [40,41], and untreated and silane-treated glass beads [42]. It is also worth noting the potential use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [13] and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [15,43] for the assessment of E and C. 

Figure 12.17. Fracture surface of PPO containing silane-treated glass beads (20 vol %) at 25°C fast crack region (Trachte and DiBenedetto, 1971). Micrograph by scanning electron microscopy. Note interfacial constraint in comparison to Figure 12.16.

A-156 silane-treated glass bead-epoxy composites at 25, 100, and 130°C... 

Fig. 11 Tensile stress at break (or yield) versus volume fraction PPO for the incompatible PpClS/PPO blends. Identification is the same as in Fig. 9. Curve 1, the Schrager model for poor adhesion (Eq. 6, r = 2.66) curve 2, data for untreated glass bead/PPO composites (Eef. 24) curve 3, silane treated glass bead/PPO composites (Ref. 24).

Quantitatively, the Nielsen expression for elongation to break (Eq. 7) has been reported to give good fit for some composites (32) but underestimates e in others such as the silane treated glass beads/epoxy system studied by Kenyon and Duffy (33). 

Figure 17. Flexural strength of glass cloth reinforced polystyrene with polymeric silane-treated glass the sUane to styrene ratio was varied so that the molecular weight of the polystyrene between two silane molecules become from 500 to 10,000 as shown as average molecular weight.

J.K. Kim, M.L Sham, and J. Wu, Nanoscale characterisation of interphase in silane treated glass fibre composites. Compos. A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 32,607-618 (2001). 

Example 24 Synthesis of Covalently Anchored PPy Coating on a Pyrrole-Silane-Treated Glass (Adapted from ref. 80)... 

A number of mechanisms have been offered to explain the effectiveness of the silane coupling agents in improving the adhesion of silane-treated glass to the matrix resin. They are ... 

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