Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

The signs and symptoms of diabetes consist of thirst, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, drowsiness, weakness, coma, severe acidosis, air hunger (Kussmaul s breathing), sweetish odor of the breath, hyperglycemia, decreased blood bicarbonate level, decreased blood pH, and plasma that is strongly positive for ketone bodies. 

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Signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency, and hypopituitarism may become intensified. 

An IV of D5W would cause the client to have further signs and symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) therefore, the nurse should not administer the IV. 

History of Diabetes Metabolic Abnormalities in Diabetes Factors Which May Precipitate or Aggravate Diabetes Complications of Diabetes Diagnosis of Diabetes Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Tests of Blood and Urine Glucose Tolerance Test (CTT)... 

Reviews schedule of administration and prescribed number of sprays to each nostril based on signs and symptoms of disease (diabetes insipidus), such as frequency of urination and increased thirst. 

P-Blockers and ACE inhibitors are also indicated for post-myocardial infarction for the reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as are aldosterone antagonists, in post-myocardial infarction patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function and diabetes or signs and symptoms of heart failure.2,48... 

TBW depletion (often referred to as dehydration ) is typically a more gradual, chronic problem compared to ECF depletion. Because TBW depletion represents a loss of hypotonic fluid (proportionally more water is lost than sodium) from all body compartments, a primary disturbance of osmolality is usually seen. The signs and symptoms of TBW depletion include CNS disturbances (mental status changes, seizures, and coma), excessive thirst, dry mucous membranes, decreased skin turgor, elevated serum sodium, increased plasma osmolality, concentrated urine, and acute weight loss. Common causes of TBW depletion include insufficient oral intake, excessive insensible losses, diabetes insipidus, excessive osmotic diuresis, and impaired renal concentrating mechanisms. Long-term care residents are frequently admitted to the acute care hospital with TBW depletion secondary to lack of adequate oral intake, often with concurrent excessive insensible losses. 

Differential diagnoses include diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome because patients with these conditions share several similar characteristics with Cushing s syndrome patients (e.g., obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance). In women, the presentations of hirsutism, menstrual abnormalities, and insulin resistance are similar to those of polycystic ovary syndrome. Cushing s syndrome can be differentiated from these conditions by identifying the classic signs and symptoms of truncal obesity, "moon faces" with facial plethora, a "buffalo hump" and supraclavicular fat pads, red-purple skin striae, and proximal muscle weakness. 

Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia -blockade may prevent the appearance of premonitory signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. -blockade also reduces insulin release it may be necessary to adjust antidiabetic drug dose. 

Diabetes me/Z/fas. Administer with caution to patients subject to spontaneous hypoglycemia or to diabetic patients (especially labile diabetics). Beta-blocking agents may mask signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia. 

May mask signs and symptoms of acute hypoglycemia (tachycardia, BP changes) in patients with diabetes. 

Diabetes mellitus symptoms, periodic serum glucose and HbAi. measurements LFT (AST, ALT) prior to initiation of therapy and periodically thereafter hemoglo-bin/hematocrit, signs and symptoms of heart failure... 

Plasma zinc levels are commonly decreased in the elderly (Gil). These authors reported mean ( SD) plasma levels in normal young adults at 12.7 ( 1.4) mmol/liter versus 10.5 ( 4.7) mmol/liter in the elderly intracellular levels (neutrophils) were 1.26 ( 0.28) and 0.95 ( 0.26) nmol/mg protein, respectively. This deficiency is most often due to lack of dietary lean meat, poultry, and fish. As a result, zinc intake is frequently less than the minimum recommended intake of 15 mg/day. Moreover, Zn deficiency is particularly common in individuals with diabetes mellitus, liver and renal diseases, malabsorption, alcohol abuse, and those taking diuretic medications (K13). Interestingly, many of the signs and symptoms of Zn deficiency are the same as those often attributed to the aging process (Table 3). 

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