Signal transduction general mechanism

Sulfation in most aspects is very similar to phosphorylation, except that sulfation is not involved in intracellular signal transduction, but in other forms of signaling. The mechanism of sulfation is similar to that of phosphorylation as a general base from the enzyme active site that deprotonates the hydroxyl groups of tyrosine residues. The nucleophilic oxygen then attacks the /3-position, in contrast to the 7-position in phosphorylation, and releases adenosine 3, 5 -diphosphate. 

These are exciting times in the field of chemosensory reception in general and olfaction in particular. In the decade since the landmark identification of a novel class of candidate odorant receptors (ORs) in rats (Buck and Axel, 1991), we have seen an explosion of similar studies involving other vertebrate as well as several insect species. In addition to an ever-increasing wealth of behavioral and physiological studies, insect systems provide arguably the most robust experimental system for the study of olfaction as well as a profound demonstration of the universal conservation of olfactory signal transduction mechanisms. 

In general the immobilisation matrix may function purely as a support, or else it may also be concerned with mediation of the signal transduction mechanism associated with the analyte. Techniques can be loosely divided into 4 groups ... 

The example of protein interactions presented in this paper will start from the recognition and binding between a surface bound ligand and its antibody approaching from solution. Study of such a model system will help to understand the binding kinetics and mechanisms of signal transduction on cell membranes [35], which are generally initiated by the interaction between a multivalent... 

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